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Monitoring of the content of selected trichothecene mycotoxins in malting barley
Hrdinová, Lucie ; Kočí, Radka (referee) ; Běláková, Sylvie (advisor)
This master thesis deals with a monitoring of a content of the trichothecene mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in malting barley using the LC-MS/MS method. The theoretical part describes general characteristics of mycotoxins and their significant producer filamentous fungus of Fusarium species. Further, important trichothecene mycotoxins and mycotoxins generally which are commonly found in malting barley were also characterized. In the theoretical part of the thesis possibilities for a determination of the mycotoxins by the chromatographic methods were presented too; the immunochemical methods were also mentioned. In the experimental section an analysis of the B type trichothecenes was optimized by LC/APCI-MS/MS and of the A type trichothecenes by LC/ESI-MS/MS. When analyzing 57 samples of different barley varieties the deoxynivalenol reached the highest values (up to 945,2 µg.kg-1), namely in the case of the Sebastian variety with corn as the fore-crop. The highest values of nivalenol, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin (138,4 µg.kg-1; 21,8 µg.kg-1 and 68,7 µg.kg-1 respectively) were found in the Prestige variety of barley with winter wheat as the fore-crop. Subsequently a second set of four experimental samples of the Sebastian variety of barley and malt produced from the variety with corn as the fore-crop were analysed. In this group three samples were artificially infected with the filamentous fungi of Fusarium species; the fourth sample was not artificially infected and served as a control sample. Even in the case of the artificially infected samples the deoxynivalenol reached the highest values. The master thesis was implemented in the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Plc. in Brno.
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Refugee and migrant children and youths, and their integration
Hrdinová, Lucie Michaela
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the integration of refugee and migrant children and youth and their integration in the region of Attica, Greece. Even though migration itself is frequently discussed, not much attention is given to the aspects of the migration of children and youth. Thus, the thesis aims to analyse the process and effectiveness of their integration through qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with children and youth themselves, and employees of different NGOs and facilities. The results of the research should provide information on how the integration process and the integration and migration policy could be improved and thus more effective.
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NATO and WMD: Evolution of the threat construction and Alliance's response
Hrdinová, Lucie ; Rychnovská, Dagmar (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This Diploma Thesis called "NATO and WMD: Evolution of the threat construction and Alliance's response" deals with the evolution of understanding of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). WMD, especially the nuclear ones, have preoccupied NATO since its establishment. However, it was only after the end of the Cold War that NATO started to focus on WMD as a specific overarching category, consisting of chemical, biological and nuclear (since 9/11 also radiological) weapons. Despite the conspicuousness of the concept and increased use of the WMD term, the definition of weapons of mass destruction is not clear-cut. However, the way the actors understand WMD is very important. For this reason, NATO's official discourse is studied as an indicator of how is WMD understood in the Alliance, which will allow to fulfill objectives of this thesis. First, the work intends to analyze how has the WMD threat been constructed and interpreted within the Alliance since the year 1991 until this day. Secondly, this thesis aims to find out what is NATO's response to the dangers posed by the identified WMD threats (i.e. proliferation and terrorism) and identify the concrete measures the Allies undertook to tackle the evolving WMD threat. This thesis is based on...
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Monitoring of the content of selected trichothecene mycotoxins in malting barley
Hrdinová, Lucie ; Kočí, Radka (referee) ; Běláková, Sylvie (advisor)
This master thesis deals with a monitoring of a content of the trichothecene mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in malting barley using the LC-MS/MS method. The theoretical part describes general characteristics of mycotoxins and their significant producer filamentous fungus of Fusarium species. Further, important trichothecene mycotoxins and mycotoxins generally which are commonly found in malting barley were also characterized. In the theoretical part of the thesis possibilities for a determination of the mycotoxins by the chromatographic methods were presented too; the immunochemical methods were also mentioned. In the experimental section an analysis of the B type trichothecenes was optimized by LC/APCI-MS/MS and of the A type trichothecenes by LC/ESI-MS/MS. When analyzing 57 samples of different barley varieties the deoxynivalenol reached the highest values (up to 945,2 µg.kg-1), namely in the case of the Sebastian variety with corn as the fore-crop. The highest values of nivalenol, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin (138,4 µg.kg-1; 21,8 µg.kg-1 and 68,7 µg.kg-1 respectively) were found in the Prestige variety of barley with winter wheat as the fore-crop. Subsequently a second set of four experimental samples of the Sebastian variety of barley and malt produced from the variety with corn as the fore-crop were analysed. In this group three samples were artificially infected with the filamentous fungi of Fusarium species; the fourth sample was not artificially infected and served as a control sample. Even in the case of the artificially infected samples the deoxynivalenol reached the highest values. The master thesis was implemented in the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Plc. in Brno.
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Positive and negative substances in guarana
Hrdinová, Lucie ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor work theoretically describes Southern American plant named guarana (Paullinia cupana), its history, cultivation and traditional preparation. The work deals with effects of significant alkaloids (caffeine, theophylline, theobromine), tannins and saponins included in guarana, as well as general activity of guarana seeds. Contemporary studies are in agreement with strong antibacterial and antioxidant effects of guarana seed extracts, genotoxic and mutagenic activity of guarana in prokaryotic organisms and toxic affects on dogs, which are extremely sensitive on methylxanthines. In studies on human volunteers there was not shown any adverse effects, but there were recorded some cases of new-onset seizures in adults following heavy consumption of energy drinks, rich in caffeine, taurine, and guarana seed extract. The studies generally proved helpful activity against obesity and positive influence on lipids metabolism. There were confirmed positive psychoactive and mild antidepressant effects of guarana as well as adstringent, lipolytic and gastroprotective properties.
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