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Responsibility of States for Unlawful Acts in Cyberspace
Hrdý, Pavel ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
1 Responsibility of States for Unlawful Acts in Cyberspace Abstract This master's thesis addresses the topic of responsibility of state for the unlawful acts in cyberspace. The research subject is the application of the legal norms and the possibility of the state being held responsible in the field of collective security and human rights in cyberspace. It discusses mainly the question of use of force, armed attack, and aggression. Regarding the human rights, this master's thesis focuses on right to private life and family life, freedom of expression and right to life. This thesis delimitates the rules of responsibility of state under the Articles on Responsibility of State for Unlawful acts. In the chosen fields it was found that the international public law applies in limited manner also to cyberspace. In cyberspace, many attacks take place, which may result in breach in different fields of international law. To answer the question of the state responsibility, it was firstly dealt with, whether the subject-matter of this breaches can be reached in cyberspace. Following the analysis of the contemporary case law and state positions, it was argued, that the responsibility for the breach of prohibition of use of force may be applied in cyberspace. This thesis uses terms of armed attack and aggression and also...
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Attitudes of the European "Five" Towards the First British Application to the European Economic Community
Hrdý, Pavel ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
This thesis deals with the period from British application to the European Economic Community until its dismissal by French veto while it aims on all member states of European communities excluding France. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether there was an opinion homogeneity inside European Economic Community during negotiating the British application, to which extent were the states in their advancements in accord and more whether their steps had some real effect on the given situation. This thesis is summarizing study, which uses comparative analysis. The first part introduces the period of 60s in the European integration. The second part deals with introduction of individual states, their interests and undergone steps. The third part comes to answering the research question and concludes ascertained facts. On the basis of discovered facts this thesis comes to the conclusion that the opinion homogeneity was not omnipresent but it showed only in elemental questions, underneath these opinions differed. Some states made some effort to remedy the French veto, however in consequences it had no chance to success because it was blocked by person of Konrad Adenauer.
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