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Questions and interrogative sentences in Czech
Dřímal, Jakub ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Hošnová, Eva (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the system of questions and question sentences in Czech language. The question is defined here as being an utterance with interrogative function. In the first chapter, the position of question within the system of other communicative functions is being searched for. The primary function of questions (interrogative) and distinctive formal devices of question sentences (e.g. rising tone in a yes/no question or a question-word in a wh-question) can be contrasted with secondary functions, e.g. an expression of an expectation of a certain answer, surprise etc. Those can be signalized by the form, for instance by the word order, negation or by particles. Complex relations between both primary and secondary formal devices of questions and their functions are examined. The questions without interrogative form and the question sentences lacking interrogative function are dealt with too. In the second part of the thesis, the theoretical observations are applied in the analysis of the questions in TV debates. Therefore, the interpretation is extended with the information about the specific forms and use of interrogative utterances in an authentic dialogue.
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Style comparison of scientific and popular science texts
Benediktová, Soňa ; Mareš, Petr (advisor) ; Hošnová, Eva (referee)
V dnešní době stále vzrůstá význam odborného sdělování. Prvky odborného stylu pronikají do ostatních stylových oblastí a zároveň dochází s rozvojem věd ke vzniku stále více specializovaných vědeckých oborů. S růstem úlohy vzdělání a věd ve společnosti roste i zájem o publikace popularizační!, které mají poznatky vědy zpřístupnit širšímu publiku, a to srozumitelnou a atraktivní formou. Vychází velké množství popularizujících knih a pro úplnost dodejme, že popularizace má své místo i v televizi a rozhlase. Ačkoli se styl popularizační v posledních desetiletích značně rozvíjí, není mu v odborné literatuře věnován adekvátní prostor. Pozornost jazykovědy je soustředěna spíše na vývoj a proměny vyjadřování vědeckého a charakteristiky popularizačního stylu jsou víceméně rozptýleny v souhrnných pracích stylistických či v pojednáních o odborném stylu obecně. Prací zaměřených na popularizační styl existuje minimum. Pokusili jsme se tedy touto prací přispět k podrobnějšímu poznání prostředků textů popularizačních a zároveň také prostředků textů vědeckých jejich vzájemným porovnáním. Styl popularizační a styl vědecký jsou dva protipóly v rámci odborného stylu, je tedy zajímavé položit si otázku: jaké jsou shody a rozdíly ve zpracování téže problematiky v textech stylu vědeckého a stylu popularizačního? Jak se ve volbě...
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The effect of the valency characteristics of the predicate verb on the syntactic order of adverbials
Rysová, Kateřina ; Zikánová, Šárka (advisor) ; Hošnová, Eva (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to verify the unmarked sequence of the chosen contextually unbounded adverbials (free verbal modifications) in Czech depending on, particularly, valency, semantics, form, length and the type of utterance in which they occur. The results of the thesis were gathered from linguistic analysis of more than 1, 700 utterances from the data of the Prague Dependency Treebank. It was shown that the factor of the verbal valency works stronger in the unmarked word order sequence than the influence of their semantics does (the membership in the semantic category, for example, of locus, time, manner and so on). In the basic word order in Czech, there are firstly the optional contextually unbounded adverbials and only then the obligatory ones. It is their semantics that decides the order of the optional adverbials (not expressed by the dependent clause). In contrast to the optional adverbials, the obligatory contextually unbounded adverbials also have clearly stronger tendency to appear in the role of the actual rheme in the functional sentence perspective. At the same time, optional contextually unbounded adverbials occur in both the anteposition and postposition, the obligatory ones in the postposition. However, similar behaviour as that of the obligatory adverbials may be also observed for the...
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Description of syndetic means in linguistic works of the second half of the 20th century
Doleželová, Barbora ; Hošnová, Eva (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
This study is a description of syndetic means in czech linguistic works of the second half of the twentieth century. The first part of this work is focused on the distinction of syndetic means definitions in linguistic works. The second part is a description of particular syndetic means. Repertory of these means is taken from compound terms listed in Mluvnice češtiny 2 (1987, pgs 225 - 227). Elementary conjunctions and correlatives are slured. The expertise of particular syndetic means is based on criteria set by E. Hošnová in her work Studie z vývoje novočeské syntaxe (2005). The aim is to determine which means became "stabilized conjunctions" which begin to become "stabilized conjunctions" and which means is not possible to consider as syndetic. The part of this analysis are frequency and conjunctionalisation charts. 136
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Multilingualism in K. M. Čapek Chod's prose
Klímová, Ivana ; Mareš, Petr (advisor) ; Hošnová, Eva (referee)
The theme of this work is multilingualism in prose of K. M. Čapek Chod, author, who wrote his romans and stories at the turn of 19th and 20th century. It shows various methods how to work with foreign-language elements, whether in replications of characters or in narrator's zone. It tries to describe assorted functions of these elements (function of characterization, documentation, constitution of atmosphere and other). Attention is also paid totranslation. For mentioned purpose this work results from literature which is engaged in this phenomenom, especially in monograph "Also, nazdar!" by P. Mareš.
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The problems of condensation when translating from Russian into Czech
Ligay, Inga ; Hošnová, Eva (advisor) ; Hasil, Jiří (referee)
A graduation thesis discourses upon the definition of Condensation in Czech and Russian languages and means with the help of which this process may be accomplished. Condensation means that one communicational purpose is reached up by transformation of sentence, although formed elliptic expression loses dynamism that have had authentic sentence. Condensation contently quadrate with a sentence, but from the formal aspect we can hardly consider it to be a sentence, because it has no predicated verb. The aim of Condensation is to emplace more information into one sentence. Next chapter represents the chosen means of Condensation, exactly participles, because they seem to be the most interesting in the light of the topic of the graduation thesis. For better understanding of the material we show examples from Russian literature, strictly speaking from Mikhail Bulgakov and Viktor Shklovski, and its translations into Czech language. We look up the cases of Condensation in both of the texts, compare and find differences between them.
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The structure of coordination in a dependency description: with special attention to the coordination of unlike categories
Šindlerová, Jana ; Panevová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Hošnová, Eva (referee)
In this work, theoretical aspects of a descriptive approach to the coordination of unlike categories are studied. According to the theory the author adopts, the so called Functional Generative Description, the different semantic values of coordinated nodes in a dependency tree (called fimctors) are referred to as unlike categories. The author offers constraints (of a kind) for generating coordinative structures with unlike categories. These constraints are based on the relation between a functor and its dominating verb with respect to the valency structure of the verb. The core of the theory is the fact that a coordination of an argument position and an adjunct position is forbidden as a rule. Considering the proposed constraints, a decision is made, which of the possible structures are to be represented as direct phrasal coordinations and which of them as coordinations on the level of the dominating verb. With respect to the aims of the work, the author submits her own proposal for categorisation of coordinative constructions according to the valency properties of the coordinated positions. The work aspires to uproot the established opinion that basically there are no syntactic rule s for the coordination of unIi ke categories.
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Cohesion and coherence in advertising texts
Přerostová, Barbora ; Mareš, Petr (advisor) ; Hošnová, Eva (referee)
The thesi s deals with cohesion and coherence in print advertising texts. The first part follows the concept of advertising as a specific type of todayr s discourse and its description. Second part is pointed to text, its cohesion and coherence and various approaches to them. It r s dedicated to their definitions. In detail it introduces tools ranging to coherence, such as context, theme, presupposition and inference, and also tools related to text cohesion (substitution, deixis and repetition). The separate chapter turns to general relations between text and picture lil advertising texts. Analytical part results from interpretation analysis of selected advertising campaigns. In particular it focuses on picture and text relations and relations between separate text parts.
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Syntax of the legal texts in diachronic point of view
Frausová, Lenka ; Hošnová, Eva (advisor) ; Zikánová, Šárka (referee)
The thesis deals with the language of legal documents and i t provides i ts readers wi th a description of i ts syntactic ::levelopment since 1918 up to now. On the background of the nethod by M . Těšitelová et al. Three text form three periods ~re analysed (about the years 1920, 1960 and 2000); their total range being 27000 word. The research results in the finding that the style of legal texts had its specific features at the beginning of the examined period allready. The sentences as a unit of predication gets longer. Further, the 1umber of nominal construction grows as one of the basic :haracteristics of the legal language. In the texts dated 2000 3. wider scale of analytic predicates is used. The vocabulary )f nonverbal clauses is impowerished. On the other hand, the 1umber of uses of postponed adj ecti ves grows considerabely, Lnfluencing the length of nominal groups. The thesis also )ffers a surwey of means of expressing intrinsic modality.
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Syntax in Bohumil Hrabal's prosaic works
Hobstová, Alžběta ; Hošnová, Eva (advisor) ; Zikánová, Šárka (referee)
This study is an analysis ofthe syntax in Bohumil Hrabal's prosaic works. It looks into the way Hrabal's syntax deviates from the "Czech norm", and the way his style evolved over time. For the purposes ofthe analysis, Hrabal's creative life has been divided into three chronological parts - early, middle and late. This periodization is essential for conceptualizing Bohumil Hrabal' s syntax usage and its evolution. Methodologically the study is based on a statistical analysis of observed traits in Hrabal' s syntax compared with the findings ofM. Těšitelová in Kvantitativní charakteristika současné češtiny - a quantitative research on the present-day Czech language. Against the backdrop ofwhat is considered the "Czech norm" the differences between Hrabal's creative periods become more obvious. To a certain degree these differences can be attributed to the use of different text models in each period-while most of the works from the early period were written as classic narratives, the later ones were more likely to be modem narratives. The most notable shift in Hrabal's syntax occurred between the early period and the later ones-more frequent use of longer compound and complex sentences consisting of greater number ofunits; more elaborate sentence structure, especially in terms of expanding. That is why in the...
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