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Diversity of rust fungi in plant communities of Oblík hill
Stodolová, Pavla ; Marková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Hanzalová, Alena (referee)
Pavla Stodolová Diversity of rust fungi in plant communities of Oblík hill Abstract This diploma is based on previous Bc. thesis. It consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to the diversity of the rust on the locality Oblík Mt. (České středohoří Mts.). The second part includes the instruction for use of theme of the rust in biological practical lesson. The special part consists of a brief description of the locality Oblík, the methods of collecting, processing and preservation of rust and a list of hosts with their rusts and their descriptions. On the investigated area there were found 32 species of rusts. They presence was determined by the influence of several factors: the composition of surrounding vegetation, the local climate, the annual average temperature, the wind direction, the quantity of rainfall, ontogenetic development of the host plant. The occurrence of some rust species should be expected here in following year, especially the species overwintering as perennial mycelium. The occurrence of most species of rusts is difficult to predict in the future, because they spread diffusely. The special attention was paid to rust on spring plants: Uromyces muscari on Muscari tenuiflorum and Puccinia liliacearum on Ornithogalum kochii. These species were chosen because of their regular occurrence...
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Cereal diseases from sowing to harvest (determination and protection options): Methodology for practice
Slavíková, Lucie ; Chrpová, Jana ; Palicová, Jana ; Hanzalová, Alena ; Dumalasová, Veronika ; Ripl, Jan ; Jarošová, Jana ; Kumar, Jiban
The fungal and virus diseases are still very actual topics due to the high proportion of cereals in crop rotation and large cultivated area. The cereal crops often decimated by fungal diseases like eyespot, powdery mildew, smuts, rusts, Fusarium head blight and brown leaf spot diseases. The virus diseases include Barley yellow dwarf virus – BYDV, Wheat dwarf virus – WDV and Wheat streak mosaic virus – WSMV are also very important due to the epidemic incidence in some years. This methodology summarizes the current knowledge of these fungal and virus diseases, focuses on the description, symptoms, occurrence, field and laboratory diagnostics and possibilities of crop protection against these diseases. Individual diseases are ranked in the order of their occurrence in the agroecosystem. The methodology can serve the farming communities and agronomist as a key to identifying the diseases infecting wheat crop.
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Diversity of rust fungi in plant communities of Oblík hill
Stodolová, Pavla ; Hanzalová, Alena (referee) ; Marková, Jaroslava (advisor)
Pavla Stodolová Diversity of rust fungi in plant communities of Oblík hill Abstract This diploma is based on previous Bc. thesis. It consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to the diversity of the rust on the locality Oblík Mt. (České středohoří Mts.). The second part includes the instruction for use of theme of the rust in biological practical lesson. The special part consists of a brief description of the locality Oblík, the methods of collecting, processing and preservation of rust and a list of hosts with their rusts and their descriptions. On the investigated area there were found 32 species of rusts. They presence was determined by the influence of several factors: the composition of surrounding vegetation, the local climate, the annual average temperature, the wind direction, the quantity of rainfall, ontogenetic development of the host plant. The occurrence of some rust species should be expected here in following year, especially the species overwintering as perennial mycelium. The occurrence of most species of rusts is difficult to predict in the future, because they spread diffusely. The special attention was paid to rust on spring plants: Uromyces muscari on Muscari tenuiflorum and Puccinia liliacearum on Ornithogalum kochii. These species were chosen because of their regular occurrence...
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Yellow rust protection on the wheat
Hanzalová, Alena ; Bartoš, Pavel
Heavy incidence of yellow rust in the years 2014 and 2015 has proved high deleterious effects of this rust. For this reason this publication deals with yellow rust on wheat. Rusts on wheat cause losses every year. In the years of an epidemic yield can be decreased by more than a half. Epidemics of stem rust and yellow rust occur in irregular intervals. Leaf rust causes damage every year particularly in central and southern part of Moravia. Chemical control limits yield losses, however in the case of heavy rust incidence this control particularly on susceptible cultivars is not sufficient. Repeated chemical treatments increase the costs and are limited by phytosanitary regulations. Economic and ecologic rust control consists in resistance breeding and growing resistant cultivars. Knowledge of virulence in the rust poppulation and suitable sources of resistance are prerequisites for successful resistance breeding. This publication presents a summary of data from literature on the yellow rust on wheat. Data on resistance of the grown cultivars and possibilities of the chemical control are included.
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Methodology of testing wheat resistance to brown leaf spot diseases under field conditions
Šíp, Václav ; Chrpová, Jana ; Palicová, Jana ; Hanzalová, Alena ; Čejka, Lubomír
This handbook brings new conclusions and recommendations concerning mainly the field resistance tests - the choice of fungal isolates, design of experiments, inoculum preparation and inoculation technique, as well as evaluation of disease symptoms and tolerance to the disease. Attention was paid to the pathogens Mycosphaerella graminicola anam. Septoria tritici, Pyrenophora tritici – repentis anam. Drechslera tritici-repentis and Phaeosphaeria nodorum anam. Stagonospora nodorum that showed frequent occurrence in the examined territory. The presented findings are based on experience gained from the ring tests of disease resistance performed in the period 2002-2014, available literature and special experiments with Septoria tritici performed within the research project QJ QJ 1210189 This methodology is mainly aimed at increasing precision of tests of resistance to these diseases which will favourably impact on resistance breeding, variety testing, as well as on adequacy of plant protection measures taken in agricultural practice.
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