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The Figure of Odysseus in Plato
Kšír, Karel ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Roreitner, Robert (referee)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on Plato's adaptation of literature figure of the literary figure of Odysseus. Firstly, it introduces Plato's view of the myth: how he understood the myth and what he used it for. Secondly, the attention mostly drawn to Plato's own mythmaking, specifically his further treatment of the inherited tradition and how mean he refined it. For this part we use comparative approach, taking the Odyssean tradition, from Homeric epos to Plato, with the objective to show those aspects of Odysseus's figure which seem to be essential for Plato. The conclusions drawn from this are then compared with the final myth in Book X of The Republic, where Plato evaluates Odysseus. However, we also analyse other mentions of Odysseus in Plato's work, for example in Hippias Minor. Therefore, the result of the thesis a comprehensive image of Odysseus's character in Plato's work, achieved by comparison.
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Aristides Quintilianus and the Position his work on music holds among the Extant musicological Treatises
Slavíková, Marcela ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Dykast, Roman (referee) ; Pavlík, Jiří (referee)
The extant ancient Greek treatises on music show very striking similarities regarding the explanation of music theory, although they span a time period of seven centuries. The aim of this thesis is to prove that these similarities were not caused by the missing development of music, but rather by the habit of ancient musicologists, who seem to have preferred the information contained in their sources, however old they were, to the description of real musical practice. In this respect Aristides Quintilianus, an author of the 3rd century AD, who wrote three books On music, was not different. This thesis includes an explanation of the development of music as it is depicted by contemporary non-musicological writers and notational diagrams, then presents the work of Aristides Quintilianus per se as well as in the context of the other ancient Greek musicological research. There is also a translation and a commentary on Aristides's first book, where the musical changes should be present. Finally, by a comparison of some parallel passages found in Aristides's first book and in the rest of the extant musicological treatises, Aristides's sources are exposed.
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Trojan Destinies (τυγχάνω and τεύχω in the oldest Greek epos)
Roreitner, Robert ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
The aim of this study is to introduce the idea of fate present in Homer's Iliad. By "idea" is meant what gives the unity to apparently incoherent views (1) of fate as death and life's content; (2) of fate as a given lot and a power; (3) of fate as what is shaped by men, and what meets them. This triple polarity of meaning is explored on two levels: (a) the level of construction of the epic (how the fates are represented in the poem) and (b) the level of the Homeric expressions for fate (how the characters and the narrator talk about it). Both subjects have been treated many times and from various perspectives in the existing secondary literature. That's why this study does in neither case aim at an exhausting analysis. As for the construction of the epic, it focuses on the role played in its structure by decision, and especially on how the various decisions of different characters are integrated into the unity of narration. Among the expressions that are standardly envisaged it treats in some detail only the two most important, i.e. μοῖρα and αἶσα, although at the same time it considers also two verbs, τεύχω and τυγχάνω , to which the due attention has not yet been paid. Exploiting the results of formal-literary studies of the last decades this study returns back to a question formulated in the...
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Curse Tablets and Magic in Ancient Greece
Śmiejová, Michaela ; Titz, Pavel (advisor) ; Fischerová, Sylva (referee)
The sense of this Bachelor's thesis is to approximate archaeological evidence of magical behavior in Ancient Greece, especially through the curse tablets which are both: archaeological and written source. Their occurence relates to magic acts of individuals and illustrate one of expressions of magical behavior in the Ancient Greek society. I set this phenomenon to wider context of ancient magic which has origins in Mesopotamia, but is very peculiar in antique world. I present particular finds from area of Athens, as a representative sample, where the tablets are found on all types of sites. Key words: Curse Tablets, Curse, Magic, Ancient Greece, Archaeology
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The Hippocratic treatise On the Sacred Disease. Translation, commentary and introductory study
Országh, Ján ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Souček, Jan (referee)
The treatise On the sacred disease is one of the oldest works included in the Hippocratic corpus and one of the finest examples of the Greek rationalism. Considered to be written in the last decades of the 5th century BC it is concerned with the issue of epilepsy, the disease called "sacred" by magicians and wandering cathartic priests that the author denotes as mere charlatans. According to him, epilepsy is no way more sacred nor more divine than other sicknesses. He places its origin into the brain and claims that it is a hereditary illness. In the introductory study, the character and the structure of the treatise are outlined, it is argued that it was delivered as a speech, the issues of the datation, autorship, reception and textual tradition are discussed. Besides, many problems such as the author's conception of the divine, his sources and some other theoretical issues discussed by scholars are presented and their solution is proposed. The study is followed by the first translation of the Sacred disease into Czech. In the extensive commentary, the explanation of the text based on several extant commentaries as well as my own research is proposed.
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The Dramatic Shaping of Myth: Tradition, Manipulation, Interpretation
Čechvala, Jakub ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Stehlíková, Eva (referee) ; Sarkissian, Alena (referee)
This dissertation is focused on problems of interpretation of the Greek tragedy. This issue is pursued on the general level by means of examples of several chosen interpretative strategies as well as on a more practical and concrete level by analysis of a particular tragic work, namely Iphigenia in Tauris of Euripides. The introductory chapter defines the tragedy - within the original context - as a part and another manifestation of what is today depicted as a song or performance culture. In contrast to this performative setting of the tragedy stands an Aristotelian underestimation of the theatrical level in favour of reading. This contrast, in a sense, initiated a crucial critical problem which still continues in the present time. After an outline of important changes in modern scholarship on Greek tragedy, which took place mainly under the influence of growing interest in theory during the late 1960s, the first chapter deals with a critical analysis of three interpretative approaches to Greek tragedy: literary close reading, religiousritualistic close reading and performance criticism. The literary close reading and performance criticism are analyzed on the basis of their approach to a "text - theatre" relationship. In the case of religious-ritualistic close reading the ways it interprets tragedian's use...
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The Oresteia of Aeschylos and Satre's The Flies
Jakimiv, Vít ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Bažil, Martin (referee)
The thesis aims at comparison of the poetics of Aeschylus' trilogy The Oresteia and Sartre's drama The Flies. In the first part we effectuate evaluation of the state of research as well as division and criticism of some prominent approaches. We observe in particular the limitations imposed on the comparative analysis taking its point of departure from such broad concepts as 'fate', 'freedom' and 'tragedy'. Our considerations are guided primarily by Sartre's theoretic writings on theatre and tragedy. In the second part we accomplish analysis of poetic structures discovering resemblances in the function carried out by single poetic factors in the overall structure of the drama. Notable links appear in the way of utilization of associative networks operating at the level of imagery and metaphor, which in both cases are inseparable from the particular manner of developing the action.
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Eschatiai and Their Inhabitants in the Greek Literature from Homer to Herodotus
Nováková, Adéla ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Marek, Václav (referee)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to describe and evaluate references to the farthest parts of the world, eschatiai, in Greek literature from its beginnings to the time of the historian Herodotus. After both the primary and the secondary literatures have been examined, differences in the presentations by the individual authors and also the position that the concept of eschatiai occupies in Greek understanding of the space and the world as oikoumene will be presented. The purpose of this work, however, is not only to provide an overview of sources and their contents. Information about the peripheral parts of the world, drawn from the primary sources, forms the basis for studying a broader problem, namely the encounter of the Greeks with different ways of life, the ensuing response to this new experience and a representation of these parts of the world in the literature. In the opening part of my bachelor thesis special attention will be paid to careful definition of the two basic terms, oikoumene and eschatiai. The precise meanings of both terms kept evolving in the course of Greek history. When the Greeks discovered more and more new territories, they learned about them and also settled there, gradually expanded the boundaries of the inhabited land, oikoumene, and along with it the...
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Katharsis in Greek tragedy
Duchek, Libor ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Kuťáková, Eva (referee)
This paper is focused on the concept of catharsis in classic Greek tragedy. In the first part, it traces historical context of this term particularly trough the work of Plato; and later, the main effort is devoted to Aristotle. It looks closely in Aristotle's Poetics and Politics, which are the only works where he mentions catharsis. After research of the Aristotle's texts, the study presents variety of interpretations that have arisen over centuries, examines them and derives an elementary understanding of catharsis. The second part of this work tries to trace catharsis in a sample of preserved tragedies of main Greek dramatists. It investigates tragic characters, plot and tragic emotions (i.e. pity and fear). The scope is to compare the Aristotle's theory and practice of dramatists, who lived one century before the theory had rised. Last but not least the study concludes by bringing forward an evaluation of this approach to the theory of Aristotelian catharsis.
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Lived Space of Archaic Greece
Luhanová, Eliška ; Fischerová, Sylva (advisor) ; Chlup, Radek (referee)
Diploma work Lived Space of Archaic Greece Eliška Luhanová (UFaR FF UK) tutor: Mgr. Sylva Fischerová, PhD. Abstract The diploma work Lived Space of Archaic Greece reconstructs the spatial structuration of the world in archaic Greece on the basis of a systematic reading of Hesiod's poems, mainly the Theogony. Nevertheless it takes into account also another texts which help to illuminate the archaic Greek thought, in particular the works of archaic poets and later dramatic texts, which preserve many of the archaic visions. In same cases the subsequent evolution of the subject is pointed out moreover, especially where the authors classified as first philosophers by the later tradition are concerned. The main contribution of the work lies in reconstruction of the cosmogonic process, based on the poetical account given by Hesiod. This process is interpreted as a successive constitution of the world order, which culminates by establishing Zeus as a world sovereign and at the same time as a successive constitution of the world as a differentiated spatial whole. This constitution thus proceeds in a form of differentiation, which means partly a mutual differentiation of the gradually emergent cosmical constituents, partly an intrinsic differentiation of the particular constituents of the cosmic structure. First...
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