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Kosher in lexicography. Problems of one religion term
Dvořáková, Žaneta
The Hebrew term košer (‘kosher’) came into Czech through Jewish sociolect / ethnolect. It was originally a religious term for what is ritually pure and appropriate. In addition to the adjective and adverb košer, Czech dictionaries also contain a number of other forms and derivatives, but some of them are no longer used at the moment (e.g. košerný, košerně). Our evaluation is based on an analysis of material base from the Syn2015 Corpus and from a probe into contemporary texts in Jewish magazines or on the websites of Jewish communities and organizations. In Czech dictionaries, we may see a reduction of the meaning compared to how the term is traditionally used in the Jewish community, e.g. the adjective košer is limited to meat, the verb košerovat is associated only with the ritual slaughter. The nouns mentioned in the dictionaries are also very debatable: masculine košer in the sense of ‘butcher’ and masculine košer with the meanings of ‘cut’ and ‘food appropriate for Jews to eat’, these are based on isolated documents from the works of authors apparently unfamiliar with the Jewish community. The question then is whether (and according to what criteria) such words should be included in the dictionaries.
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Communication about radiation risks in civil protection from the perspective of ethics
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Žaneta
The present thesis examines the ethical perspective of communicating radiation risks in civil protection. The objective was to determine to what extent and how ethical principles are considered in communicating radiation risks in civil protection. The theoretical part of the thesis apply information to ionising radiation, radiation risks, and the principles and means of radiation protection. It also describes the communication and ethical principles and practices in communication and radiation protection are described therein. The scope of this part of the thesis includes the protection of the population in emergencies. The practical part of the thesis focuses on public awareness of radiation risks and whether ethical principles are used in communicating them. A quantitative research method, namely a questionnaire survey involving 142 respondents, was used to analyse the goals and objectives of the practical part of the thesis. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to residents living near a nuclear facility or in the emergency plan zone of a nuclear power plant. The research results are presented as graphs. The evaluation of the questionnaire results has revealed that the level of public awareness of radiation risks is acceptable. The results also indicate that ethical principles are applied in the communication process. However, some of the respondents found the questions on ethics difficult, possibly due to their lack of knowledge in this area. Nevertheless, they were helpful for the research.
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Introduction to Literary Onomastics
Dvořáková, Žaneta ; Harvalík, Milan (advisor) ; Šrámek, Rudolf (referee) ; Krško, Jaromír (referee)
Introduction to Literary Onomastics Abstract Žaneta Dvořáková Czech onomastics has been traditionally well advanced; it has a high-quality theoretical and methodological foundation and is highly regarded internationally. However, unlike in other countries, literary onomastics as one of its disciplines still lacks sufficient attention. R. Šrámek - along with his counterparts abroad, K. Gutschmidt and W. F. H. Nicolaisen - points out its terminological and methodological inconsistency, insufficient theoretical elaboration and the problem of defining its scope of research. It is this call that I want to answer with my dissertation. The goal of my Introduction To Literary Onomastics is to provide a critical and complex summary and assessment of the current understanding of literary proper names and to further research the subject - especially by extending its scope with some new views of anthroponyms in fiction based on profound analyses of modern works of Czech and foreign literature of the 19th and 20th century. My research builds upon methodological-theoretical findings reached by the development of both Czech and foreign literary onomastics; at the same time, it draws on the latest findings of general onomastic theory. Excerpted works purposely represent a wide variety of literary genres, which allows us to...
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Synchronic and diachronic views on literary anthroponyms
Dvořáková, Žaneta
My paper is focused on synchronic and diachronic views on literary anthroponyms. Synchronic analyses of literary proper names include two fields of study. The first one is a contemporary poetic (i. e. a set of „rules“ in art prevailing in an era of writing the story) and a contemporary context (social, historical etc.) and their influence on a choice and an understanding of names in a text. The second one is a confrontation of literary and real onymical system in a concrete time period. Diachronic research should be concerned especially an evolution of naming strategies e. g. in one literary genre
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Association Function of Proper Names in Literature
Dvořáková, Žaneta
According to our definition the association function refers to real persons/places or persons/places known from literature or cultural tradition. Names with the association function do not have to be identical with referential names, they can be only similar to them. The guiding principle of the association function is understanding of allusion, finding the relation between literary character (and her/his name) and the person who had been the pre-image of the character. There are four basic naming situations: 1) the real person (or place) has her/his true name in literature; 2) a fictive name is given to the real person (or place) found in literature; 3) the fictive character (or place) has a true name of someone else known from the real world; 4) the fictive character is called by a fictive name. All names make an important part of the text structure, they do not exist separate. That is why it is necessary to analyse names in the context of the whole piece of art.
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Factors Influencing the Choise of Names in Literature (Using Examples from J. K. Tyl’s Drama)
Dvořáková, Žaneta
Showing all names of J. K. Tyl’s characters was not the purpose of this paper. I wanted to refer to characteristic naming tendencies, to some interesting cases and especially to factors influencing the choice of names. I can illustrate it on the example of the name Krvomír: the selection of this name is conditioned by the literary genre (it is a typical kind of name in a fairy tale), by contemporary poetics (it was a very popular kind of name in literature of the 1830s and 1840s), by function (a calling name characterizes the character by using the semantic meaning of the name: “krev” means blood in Czech). The form of the name is also very interesting, it corresponds with old Slavonic names (cp. Jaromír, Vladimír, Mojmír). However, the name Krvomír is not documented in reality, it is an invention of J. K. Tyl. The creation of this concrete name was influenced by author’s poetics and his inventive approach to names within the framework of the particular naming scheme.
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The Power of the Proper Name and Its Taboo in Modern Literature
Dvořáková, Žaneta
I focused on the power of names as well as on prohibition of saying them aloud (taboo) in modern literature. Calling someone by his/her name can be prohibited by the whole society (e. g. the name of Lord Voldemort) or by the character her/himself (e. g. Sauron) because the proper name is an integral part of personality and her/his self-reflection (e. g. Piscine Molitor Patel hates his name and does not want anyone to call him by this name) . Taboo can be caused by anxiety about revenge of the creature called in by its name (e. g. Polednice). The knowledge of someone’s name can give us a power to attack or overrule the person through his/her name (e. g. Rumpelstilzchen) because the name acts as a magic formula. In modern literature we can also find problem of name “stolen” by totalitarian society.
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