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The Truth Behind the Lies: The Experiment
Harutyunyan, Mikayel ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Matoušek, Jindřich (referee)
The Truth Behind The Lies: The Experiment. Abstract The following thesis presents an economic experiment exploring the patterns of cheating behaviors among secondary school students. The students filled in the Big Five and the Dark Triad personality inventories, for which they were rewarded. The payoff in sweets was determined by a die roll. Since the outcomes of the die throw were known only to the subjects, they could decide whether to report the real outcome of the die roll or deceive. Subsequent analysis showed that a certain fraction of participants cheated, but some of them claimed a non-maximal payoff. We also find the appeal to honesty ineffective in reducing the cheating rate. Additionally, we find positive correlation between narcissism, extraversion and cheating, while openness to experience, neuroticism and Morality, a facet of agreeableness, covary negatively with dishonesty. Individuals with poor academic ability cheat less, while subjects who perform better at the Cognitive Reflection Test appear to deceive more. Furthermore, indicators of "unstable" family environment (divorced or unemployed parents) are positively associated with cheating, whilst the effect of a more affluent family background is equivocal. Ultimately, females seem to forgo the opportunity of cheating to a full extent and...
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Effects of poverty on impatience: preferences or inattention?
Bartoš, V. ; Bauer, Michal ; Chytilová, Julie ; Levely, I.
We study two psychological channels how poverty may increase impatient behavior – an effect\non time preference and reduced attention. We measured discount rates among Ugandan farmers\nwho made decisions about when to enjoy entertainment instead of working. We find that\nexperimentally induced thoughts about poverty-related problems increase the preference to\nconsume entertainment early and delay work. The effect is equivalent to a 27 p.p. increase in\nthe intertemporal rate of substitution. Using monitoring tools similar to eye tracking, a novel\nfeature for this subject pool, we show this effect is not due to a lower ability to sustain attention.
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Electronic Records of Sales and Their Implementation in the Czech Republic
Mach, Petr ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Moravcová, Michala (referee)
The subject of this thesis is electronic records of sales and its implementation in the Czech Republic. Because one of the main goals is to improve tax collection the first part of the theoretical section of the thesis is devoted to a brief introduction to taxes and specifically the value-added tax. The second part of the theoretical section is describing the specifics of the Czech version of electronic records of sales. First, a few models of records of sales are described and which of them was chosen and why. Then this model is described in detail, including who has to abide by it, what sales they have to record and some of the technical aspects of the system. A part is also dedicated to the associated receipt lottery. The practical section of the thesis is devoted to answering the question if the introduction of electronic records of sales in the Czech Republic was justified, based on fulfillment of its initial goals. The main goals were to increase the tax revenue and lowering the size of the shadow economy. Apart from these goals, the practical section is also evaluating the costs of the whole project and also some public concerns are addressed. The thesis ends with a brief look at the future of records of sales in the Czech Republic.
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What are the determinants of youth happiness?
Yoon, Jungin ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Hayat, Arshad (referee)
❆❜str❛❝t ❉❡s♣✐t❡ t❤❡ r❛♣✐❞ ❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❝ ❣r♦✇t❤ ❛❢t❡r t❤❡ ❑♦r❡❛♥ ❲❛r✱ ❛♥❞ t❤❡ st❛t❡✬s ❝♦♥✲ s✐❞❡r❛❜❧❡ ✐♥✈❡st♠❡♥t ✐♥ ❡❞✉❝❛t✐♦♥✱ ❑♦r❡❛✬s s✉✐❝✐❞❡ r❛t❡ ❤❛s st❡❛❞✐❧② r✐s❡♥ ❛s t❤❡✐r ❡❝♦♥♦♠✐❝ ❝♦♥❞✐t✐♦♥s ❝❤❛♥❣❡✳ ❙♦✉t❤ ❑♦r❡❛♥ st✉❞❡♥ts ❛r❡ r❛♥❦❡❞ ❛t t❤❡ ❜♦tt♦♠ ♦❢ ✐♥t❡r♥❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❤❛♣♣✐♥❡ss s✉r✈❡②✳ ❆❞♦❧❡s❝❡♥❝❡ ✐s ❛♥ ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ♣❡r✐♦❞ ❢♦r t❤❡ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t ♦❢ ♣❡rs♦♥❛❧✐t② ❛♥❞ ❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ t❤❡ s❡❧❢✲✐❞❡♥t✐t②✳ ❚❤❡ ♦❜❥❡❝t✐✈❡ ♦❢ t❤✐s t❤❡s✐s ✐s t♦ ✐♥✈❡st✐❣❛t❡ ❝r♦ss s❡❝t✐♦♥❛❧ ❞❛t❛ ✐♥ t❤❡ r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s❤✐♣ ❜❡t✇❡❡♥ ❡❝♦❧♦❣✐❝❛❧ ❞❡✈❡❧♦♣♠❡♥t ❛♥❞ ❛❞♦❧❡s❝❡♥t ❧✐❢❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥✳ ❉❛t❛ ❢r♦♠ t❤❡ ✷✵✶✺ ◆❛✲ t✐♦♥❛❧ ❨♦✉t❤ P♦❧✐❝② ■♥st✐t✉t❡ ✭N = 1533 ❛❝r♦ss ✼✽ ❤✐❣❤ s❝❤♦♦❧s ✐♥ ❑♦r❡❛✮ ✐♥ ❤✐❣❤ s❝❤♦♦❧ st✉❞❡♥ts ✇❡r❡ ❛♥❛❧②s❡❞ ❛♣♣❧②✐♥❣ ❖▲❙ ❛♥❞ ♦r❞❡r❡❞ ♣r♦❜✐t ♠♦❞❡❧ ❢♦r ♠❡❛s✉r✐♥❣ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❧✐❢❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥✳ ❚❤❡ ✜♥❞✐♥❣s r❡✈❡❛❧ t❤❛t t❤❡ ♠♦st ✐♠♣♦rt❛♥t ✈❛r✐❛❜❧❡s ❛ss♦❝✐❛t❡❞ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡ ❤❛♣♣✐♥❡ss ♦❢ st✉❞❡♥ts ❛r❡ ❧❡✈❡❧ ♦❢ ❤❡❛❧t❤✱ r❡❝♦❣✲ ♥✐t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❝♦♠♠✉♥✐t②✱ s❝❤♦♦❧ ❛❞❛♣t❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞ ❣♦♦❞ ♣❡❡r r❡❧❛t✐♦♥s❤✐♣s ✐♥ ❤✐❣❤ s❝❤♦♦❧✳ ▼♦r❡ r❡s❡❛r❝❤❡rs ❛r❡ st❛rt✐♥❣ t♦ ✐♥✈❡st✐❣❛t❡ ❛❞♦❧❡s❝❡♥ts✬ ❧✐❢❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝✲ t✐♦♥✱ ❜✉t ❢❡✇ st✉❞✐❡s ❤❛✈❡ ❝♦♥❞✉❝t❡❞ ❧✐❢❡ s❛t✐s❢❛❝t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ❛❝❝♦r❞❛♥❝❡ ✇✐t❤ t❤❡✐r ❣❡♥❞❡r ✉s✐♥❣ ❑❈❨P❙ ❞❛t❛✳ ●❡♥❞❡r ❡✛❡❝t ✐s s✐❣♥✐✜❝❛♥t ❢♦r ♣❛r❡♥t❛❧ ❛tt❡♥t✐♦♥✱ s❝❤♦♦❧ ❛❞❛♣t❛t✐♦♥✱ ❛♥❞ ❤♦✉s❡❤♦❧❞ ✐♥❝♦♠❡✳ ❚❤❡s❡ ✐♥t❡r❡st✐♥❣ ❡①❛♠✐♥❛t✐♦♥s ❝♦♥✲ tr✐❜✉t❡❞ t♦ t❤❡ ❞❡t❡r♠✐♥❛♥ts ♦❢ ❤❛♣♣✐♥❡ss r❡s❡❛r❝❤ ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ✉s❡❞...
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Gender gap index and happiness
Procházková, Vendula ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis investigates the relationship between the level of gender inequality given by The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) and women's happiness. Using the cross-sectional data from The World Values Survey from 22 different countries, the main goal was to explore the possible existence of a positive relationship between the GGGI index (which reflects the rate of gender differences in particular country where lower values represent higher rate of gender inequality) and relative happiness of women in comparison with happiness of men. The work introduces not only the variables that are considered to be the main determinants of happiness according to the current studies, but also specific indexes related to the issue of gender inequality. All in all, the work is comprised of seven models working with the whole dataset of 22 countries, six models working with the data divided by gender and two different models created for each of four groups into which the countries were divided based on their rate of GGGI index. These models estimate the effect of GGGI index and its four components on happiness of individuals, on relative happiness of women and also the difference between women's and men's happiness in groups with different average GGGI index. Considering the results from previously...
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The impact of electric vehicles on the automobile industry
Pavelková, Adéla ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Žigraiová, Diana (referee)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to identify the current and future importance of the electric vehicles. Apart from global situation, it also investigates the development in China, Europe, Norway and the U.S. To see the future position of electric vehicles on the automotive market, trend analysis and Bass Diffusion Model were used. The results showed that in the year 2035, the share of sales of electric vehicles will slowly approach a threshold of 50% in all analysed regions. The exception is Norway where the market of electric vehicles is already developed. Next, the correlation analysis was applied to measure the relationship between the sales of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. It was shown that the correlation is relatively strong with the same direction. The sales are influenced by similar factors. Furthermore, the correlation analysis was used to detect the relationship between the sales of electric vehicles and price of gasoline. The coefficient was positive. At the end, the regression analysis was applied to measure the cross elasticity of demand between electric and internal combustion engine vehicles. It was proved that these vehicles are substitutes. That means that the price of internal combustion engine vehicle can affect the sales of electric vehicles.
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The Impact of the Weather and Other Factors on Museum Visits
Hrtková, Andrea ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Opatrný, Matěj (referee)
This thesis is devoted to an analysis of the impact of everyday weather conditions on the daily numbers of museum visitors. A closer look is also taken into the influence of other factors such as city events or the effects of different days of the week. Although there have been many studies which have focused on influential factors regarding museum attendance, our research should serve as a starting point in completing existing gaps in this field of study. Empirical methods involving the use of time series data were applied to test the hypotheses. This research shows that weather, although not constituting the key determinant, has a significant impact on the daily numbers of visitors to museums. However, the results indicate that the extent and direction of this impact differ across different types of museums. Keywords Museums, attendance, cultural visitor, recreational visitor, weather impact, seasonality
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School bullying and its effect on children's academic performance in the Czech Republic
Kalendová, Tereza ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Polák, Petr (referee)
A safe school environment is a crucial aspect for sustainable educational quality as well as for promoting students' academic performance. One of the factors damagingly affecting school environments is school bullying. Researchers investigating bullying problematic have revealed many negative consequences of bullying on students' general well-being, including its adverse effect on school performance. The thesis aims to investigate the impact of school bullying on student's academic achievement in the Czech Republic, using mathematics test score results of fourth grade students from TIMSS 2015. In the first stage, we use ordinary least squares (OLS) regression controlling for a number of student's background variables. As the estimates obtained from this method might be biased due to endogeneity issues, we apply non-parametric technique propensity score matching (PSM) in the second stage. Our findings suggest that school bullying has a significant negative effect on students' mathematics test scores. However, the effect loses its significance as the frequency of bullying decreases. The PSM technique yield similar estimates as the OLS. The results indicate that Czech educators and policymakers should take into account bullying as an important determinant of pupils performance and enhance...
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Fine Watches as an Investment: Index Creation and Portfolio Selection
Harant, Evžen ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Malířová, Tereza (referee)
This thesis performs a risk-return analysis and examines portfolio diversi- fication opportunities of fine watches. To provide the reader with a basic understanding of the watch market and its functioning, main incentives, price determinants, and risks are studied. To effectively analyse price dy- namics on fine-watch market, the dataset including data from major auction houses and encompassing the period between 2006 and 2017 is created. Due to the unique nature of fine-watch market scene, the price index is then estimated with repeat sales method using original, three-stage, and three- stage flexible methods. Beyond the creation of price index, the portfolio analysis is performed and the thesis further focuses on potential benefits of watch index's inclusion in optimal portfolio. We find evidence that fine watches are potentially a good diversification tool due to its close-to-zero correlation with other chosen asset classes. However, computed risk-return characteristics shows a suboptimality of watch index relative to all selected assets except for two equity indices, NIKKEI 225 and EURO STOXX 50. As a result, we find no evidence of beneficial effect of fine watches' inclusion in portfolio. Keywords Watches, Financial Markets, Fine Watches, Investment, Portfolio Theory, Repeat Sales Method, Auction
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Determinants of Life Satisfaction in the Czech Republic and their Development over Time
Pavlovová, Anna ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Khymych, Olha (referee)
This work examines the reported life satisfaction in the Czech Republic over the period between 1991 and 2016. The relationships between various individual characteristics and reported life satisfaction are analysed using the ordinary least squares and the results are compared across time. This work extends the existing literature not only by providing a more up-to-date analysis of the correlates of life satisfaction in the Czech Republic but also by analysing them in a wider time horizon. Some relationships were found rather stable over the considered period (for example, those associated with health, satisfaction with institutions or with political beliefs). Even though higher education and higher income were not strictly associated with higher satisfaction, the differences in satisfaction of individuals belonging to the lower and upper deciles of income are significant throughout the whole period. On the other hand, some associations have changed substantially over time (e.g. those related to being a student). Contrary to the existing literature on the period of transition, life satisfaction in the Czech Republic appears to be U-shaped in age during the whole considered period including the 90s. However, the turning points and the exact shape of the relationship changed over time. Keywords life...
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