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Methodology for rapid, comprehensive, independent decision-making on the need, effectiveness and interaction of adaptation measures in river basins under climate change
Fischer, Milan ; Zeman, Evžen ; Vizina, A. ; Hanel, M. ; Bernsteinová, Jana ; Tachecí, P. ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Pavlík, P. ; Máca, P. ; Ghisi, Tomáš ; Rapantová, N. ; Bláhová, Monika ; Janál, P. ; Trnka, Miroslav
The aim of the methodology is to present methods for quantifying the impacts of projected climate change on the water balance when applying adaptation measures in the Czech Republic for the next few decades. Adaptation measures should contribute to the sustainability of the water balance in all major user segments of water use and management in the basin. The main principle is the use of hydrological models to transform climate change scenarios into time series of hydrological conditions and to quantify the overall water balance of the basin using different types of adaptation measures and their implementation over time. Special emphasis is placed on the evaluation of combinations of adaptation measures that cannot be analysed by simplified methods. The methodology is designed to search for the optimal combination of adaptation measures in the assessed catchment. The proposed approach eliminates the shortcomings of effectiveness assessment from the perspective of the exclusive user of the water resource, as the evaluation of the effectiveness of adaptation measures is carried out in the form of a multi-criteria analysis of the evaluation of the outputs of the simulation model for predicting the water balance in the whole basin. This methodology can be used to assess different adaptation measures in all basic segments of water users: agriculture, forestry, energy, water management and others.
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Methodology for determining the main disturbances in the water management balance and optimizing adaptation measures in the conditions climate change
Fischer, Milan ; Zeman, Evžen ; Vizina, A. ; Hanel, M. ; Bernsteinová, Jana ; Tachecí, P. ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Pavlík, P. ; Máca, P. ; Ghisi, Tomáš ; Rapantová, N. ; Bláhová, Monika ; Janál, P. ; Trnka, Miroslav
Ongoing climate change is causing a global increase in air temperature. While this is leading to an acceleration of the global hydrological cycle, and therefore a global increase in precipitation, the spatiotemporal variability in precipitation is much more complicated. While temperature in the Czech Republic shows a consistently increasing trend similar to that of surrounding countries and the planet as a whole, precipitation can be simplified that long-term averages of annual totals remain and are likely to remain very similar in the coming decades. Rising air temperatures inherently bring increased evaporative demand of the atmosphere and, for the same precipitation, a lower ratio of precipitation to evaporation, i.e. the climatic water balance shows a negative trend.
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Anthropogenic pollutioin of the Elbe River sediments
Haismanová, Pavla ; Chalupová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Bernsteinová, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on contamination of sediments in fluvial lakes of the Elbe river. The research was conducted in Kluk Lake near Poděbrady which has been artificially isolated from the river and its connection to the Elbe is now limited. The thesis concentrates on chemical composition of old sediments in vertical profile which documents an old anthropogenic pollution of Elbe's floodplain. The individual layers of sediment were analyzed separately. Besides grain size, the research also determined concentration of heavy metals and arsenic (Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). The sediment samples taken near the river contained higher content of elements compared to the more distant sampling site. This finding points out to the various distribution of elements and different settling velocity in the lake. Application of the geoaccumulation index showed that the sediments were very strongly polluted by silver and moderately to strongly polluted by arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and zinc. Last, the sediments were unpolluted to moderately polluted by cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese and nickel. According to the methodology of the International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe River (MKOL), the concentrations of silver, mercury, nickel and lead exceeded the upper limit value. Finally,...
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Modeling of mass transport causal conditions
Bernsteinová, Jana ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Zezulák, Jiří (referee) ; Havlík, Aleš (referee)
The evidence of a flood wave passing through a catchment remains visible even for a long time after it occurs. The morphological update in the channel and floodplains, together with the processes related to the mass transport within the aquatic environment, can be regarded as flood event evidence. The advancement in hydroinformatics brought the development of numerical modeling as a tool for the solution of broad hydrological tasks. Thanks to the scenario modeling, flood events with interconnected processes can be explored in detail. This thesis is broadly focused on the mass transport initialization issue both in the polluted and clear middle-European water environments. The aim of the thesis is the evaluation of the principal issues connected with the mass transport initialization based on complex and integrated numerical modeling. The thesis brings original datasets resulting from several case studies. The aim of the thesis is also to bring a comparative study of methodological approaches evaluating the possibilities and limits regarding the accuracy of inputs vs. outputs and computational time requirements. This thesis also brings several useful comparisons and innovative solutions design. The mass transport initialization issue is solved in both balance and event-scale processed- based models....
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Comparation of methods of granulometrical analysis of coarse fluvial sediments
Bakešová, Veronika ; Hartvich, Filip (advisor) ; Bernsteinová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the granulometrical analysis of coarse fluvial sediments. A granulometrical analysis is analytical study for finding the percentual representation of each fraction. Granularity is the basis for classification of clastic sediments. Clastic sediments are sedimentary rocks consisting of the rock fragments transported to the place of sedimentation in the solid state. Coarse clastic sediments are rocks in which predominate particle size greater than 2 mm. The theoretical part of this work contains the physico-geographical characteristic of the studied area and the methods used to research grain size of fluvial materials, especially coarse clastic. The experimental part of this work describes the surface sampling method - the digital photography and image processing in the Digital Sedimetrics Gravelometer software. Both investigated streams have similar granularity. The most of the particles from streams falls into the category of grain size 2 - 10 mm. Flows differ only slightly different distribution of fine- grains and medium-sized gravel.
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Analysis of the fluvial system in Roklansky brook catchment (with a closer look at Javoří brook)
Skrčená, Lucie ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Bernsteinová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on literature assessment of various types of views to describe fluvial dynamics of mountain streams. The application part is focused on the Roklanský brook catchment in the Šumava mountains with a closer look at the monitored part of Javoří brook. The object is to find responses of the fluvial system to significant rainfall-runoff events based on field research and interpretation of historical materials. It includes historical aerial photos in ten year periods from 1949 to ortofotos of the current state. There is also a comparison included of the course of flow of the waterway in a monitored area with Císařské otisky. Key words: mountain stream, gravel accumulations in channel and river basin, Šumava, Roklanský brook, Javoří brook, historical aerial photos
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