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Motility and virulence of bacterial pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis
Benešová, Nikol ; Melter, Oto (advisor) ; Smělíková, Eva (referee)
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease that mainly effects the Europoid race. The disease is caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. This gene encodes the formation of chloride channel proteins. The disease leads to the formation of highly viscous secretions from the exocrine glands. The most commonly affected organ is the lung, which accumulates mucus and bacteria. Bacteria that colonize the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis are exposed to many stress factors such as large amounts of mucus, oxidative stress, antibiotics and immune system of the host. That leads to the selection of mutants that are better adapted to the environment of the lungs. In acute infection, one of the important virulence factors for bacteria is their motility. Motility is provided by flagella and allows the bacterium to move to sites with higher nutrient content and to colonise different parts of the lung. In chronic infection, we can see changes in the genotype and phenotype of bacteria. Nonmotile mutants are selected because they activate the immune system less than motile bacteria, that helps in the persistence of bacteria in the lungs. Chronic infections lead to a higher mortality rate. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to compare the motility of bacteria...
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Possibilities of physiotherapy in pregnant women with lumbar spine pain with regard to functional and structural parameters of the pelvis
BENEŠOVÁ, Natálie
This bachelor's thesis deals with the possibilities of using physiotherapy methods during pregnancy to relieve musculoskeletal pain, especially in the lumbar spine, while monitoring the functional and structural parameters of the pelvis. The work is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, the aim is to give an overview and to write down information of a basic nature, first of all about the anatomical structures that are most closely related to this issue. The anatomy and kinesiology of the spine is described at the beginning, followed by the examination possibilities. The chapter on the pelvis is similarly structured, with more detailed functional and structural parameters of the pelvis. Furthermore, the theoretical section describes basic information on the course of pregnancy. A wide section then describes the changes on different systems during pregnancy, such as the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urethropoietic and reproductive systems. As an integral part, there is also a description of changes in the spine and pelvis. Finally, appropriate or inappropriate physical activities and physiotherapy methods that can be performed during pregnancy are summarized. The aim of the practical part is to observe and evaluate the effect of physiotherapy intervention for low back pain during pregnancy. The research population included three probands in the second trimester of pregnancy who were suffering from low back pain. I implemented 6 therapy sessions with each proband once every 1-2 weeks. At the beginning, I did an initial kinesiological analysis with anamnesis taking. I presented each proband a series of exercises to influence the musculoskeletal system. At each session, we summarized the other changes since the previous session. At the end of the therapy sessions, we reviewed the results and performed an outcome kinesiological analysis. The work can be used by physiotherapists in practice as inspiration for therapeutic procedures and informative educational material.
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Neurotropic and antioxidative activity of some selected species of monocotyledonous alkaloidal plants in vitro. II.
Benešová, Nina ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Kučera, Radim (referee)
Benešová N.: Neurotropic and antioxidative activity in vitro of monocotyledonous alkaloidal plants II. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Departement of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2012, 72 p. The aim of this diploma thesis was to analyse alkaloidal extracts of six selected plants from Amaryllidaceae family (Nerine filifolia, Nerine undulata, Nerine filamentosa, Scadoxus multiflorus, Sprekelia formosissima, Sternbergia lutea) and test their biological activity to human cholinesterases (HuAChE, HuBuChE) using Ellman's method and antioxidative activity measured by DPPH test. Thanks to GC/MS analysis was identified a huge range of alkaloids of Amaryllidaceae family that belongs to various structural types. Some of them have not been determined yet due to unavailability of their spectras in commercial libraries and literature. The best inhibitory activity against human blood acetylcholinesterase was described in alkaloidal extracts of Nerine undulata (IC50 14,30 ± 1,20 µg/ml) and Nerine filifolia (IC50 18,54 ± 0,79 µg/ml) and against human plasma butyrylcholinesterase in extracts of Sternbergia lutea (IC50 3,07 ± 0,05 µM) and Nerine filamentosa (IC50 13,00 ± 0,71 µg/ml). Antioxidative activity of alkaloidal extracts from the bulbs...
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Thermal Convection in Terrestrial Planetary Mantles
Benešová, Nina ; Čížková, Hana (advisor) ; Hejda, Pavel (referee) ; Šrámek, Ondřej (referee)
In this thesis, we present results of a numerical modelling study focused on the thermal evolution of the Earth and terrestrial planets. We focus particularly on two problems: I) constraining the internal structure of Venus and Mercury using their geoid and surface topography data and II) evaluating the effects of a rhe- ologically distinct post-perovskite on the secular cooling of the Earth. In part I, we performed simulations in a broad group of models of the Venusian man- tle, characterised by different rheological descriptions, and we compared spectra of their geoid and their surface topography with the observed quantities. Our analysis suggested that the geoid and the surface topography of Venus are con- sistent with a radially symmetric viscosity model with a strong 200 km thick lithosphere, without an asthenosphere and with a gradual viscosity increase in the underlying mantle. In the case of Mercury, none of our models was able to predict observed data, thus suggesting other than a dynamic origin of observed geoid and topography. In part II, we investigated style of Earth's mantle con- vection and its long-term evolution in the models that take into account a weak post-perovskite. We conclude that the presence of the weak post-perovskite en- hances the core cooling. This effect is comparable in...
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Thermal Convection in Terrestrial Planetary Mantles
Benešová, Nina
In this thesis, we present results of a numerical modelling study focused on the thermal evolution of the Earth and terrestrial planets. We focus particularly on two problems: I) constraining the internal structure of Venus and Mercury using their geoid and surface topography data and II) evaluating the effects of a rhe- ologically distinct post-perovskite on the secular cooling of the Earth. In part I, we performed simulations in a broad group of models of the Venusian man- tle, characterised by different rheological descriptions, and we compared spectra of their geoid and their surface topography with the observed quantities. Our analysis suggested that the geoid and the surface topography of Venus are con- sistent with a radially symmetric viscosity model with a strong 200 km thick lithosphere, without an asthenosphere and with a gradual viscosity increase in the underlying mantle. In the case of Mercury, none of our models was able to predict observed data, thus suggesting other than a dynamic origin of observed geoid and topography. In part II, we investigated style of Earth's mantle con- vection and its long-term evolution in the models that take into account a weak post-perovskite. We conclude that the presence of the weak post-perovskite en- hances the core cooling. This effect is comparable in...
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Problematika českého překladu seriálu Přátelé
BENEŠOVÁ, Natálie
The bachelor thesis focuses on the Czech translation of an American television series Friends. Firstly, I briefly describe the process of audiovisual translation, than I introduce the TV show its plot and main characters. The next part includes the analysis of the first and the last season; I provide examples of difficulties in translating English dialogues to Czech. The goal of the thesis is to prove that the globalization, the Internet and the faster spread of information; they all influence our knowledge about American culture and, consequently, the Czech translation.
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Nursig care about newborn within the perioperation care.
BENEŠOVÁ, Nikola
The topic of the thesis Nursing Care of Newborns in the Process of Perioperative Care deals with specific and distinct features of such care from the viewpoint of nursing. The main objective was to specify all tasks of nurses in the process of perioperative care and the procedures they use. Last but not least, we focused on how the nursing care differs with regard to the age of newborns. The selected research method was qualitative research using semi-structured interviews with nurses from perinatology centers. The research covered 10 respondents with various levels of education and lengths of practical experience. Nurses most frequently understand the term of perioperative care as the care provided before, during and after a surgery. Most of them actually perform preparation of the child before the surgery and then they provide postoperative care. Only 2 out of the 10 respondents are directly involved in the surgery procedure and thus accompany the newborns throughout the entire process of perioperative care. The care provided before the surgery most often includes identification of the child, checking of its vital functions, involvement in blood collection, including intravenous cannulation, administration of prescribed medication, preparation of the surgical site and communication with the parents. Children are most frequently accompanied by their mothers and nurses need to communicate with them. Nurses transport the child to the operating room, hand the child over and subsequently take it back after the surgery. They also record all those activities in the medical files and in some cases they check signed informed consents. Intraoperative care consists mainly of monitoring of the newborn, assisting to the physician in airway management - intubation and during the entire surgery procedure. The most common surgical procedures performed in children are hernia, bowel and heart surgeries. The nurses also generally mentioned surgeries of developmental disorders. After the surgery nurses usually move the child to the neonatology intensive care unit which is equipped with a ventilator, incubator and all types of medication. They regularly check and record child´s vital functions, monitor the surgical wound and its proximity, intake and excretion, they provide nutrition etc. Nurses also assess the pain, most frequently using the NIPS scale, and they educate the parents. Post-surgery complications occur only sporadically and they include infections, bleeding or abstinence syndrome after administration of opiates. The collected data have shown only one difference relating to the age of newborns who underwent a surgery. Specifically, certain surgeries, e.g. of necrotic enterocolitis, are performed more frequently on less mature newborns. In general, most of the surgeries are performed on prematurely born neonates and extremely immature neonates. When asked what they would like to change or improve in the perioperative care from the nursing point of view the nurses primarily mentioned more contacts between the mother and child and consistent compliance with aseptic procedures. The responding nurses were mostly content, they praised the highly specialized care and the good cooperation between the nursing team and the medical team which consists of pediatricians and specialists. Results of those teams thus contribute to continually decreasing mortality rate of high-risk and pathological newborns and to better quality of life of those children after the surgery.
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Design of the new generation integrated emission model
Resler, Jaroslav ; Juruš, Pavel ; Benešová, N. ; Vlček, O. ; Belda, M. ; Huszár, P. ; Krč, Pavel ; Eben, Kryštof
The only publicly available and widely used tool for emission modelling for CTM is the processor SMOKE (Coats & Carlie, 1996), but its usage is limited by its strong dependence on conditions of USA. A few attempts to adjust SMOKE to other conditions were made in the past - see e.g. works reported in Bieser et al., 2011 or Borge et al., 2008, but the efforts hit the limits of its design. Our goal is to develop an emission processor based on open technologies which will be easy to use for typical usage with CTM in our conditions and which will be flexible and configurable enough to serve specific needs of users in other countries over the world.
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Modelling assessment of scenarios of urban development to air quality and thermal comfort at street level
Resler, Jaroslav ; Krč, Pavel ; Belda, Michal ; Juruš, Pavel ; Benešová, N. ; Vlček, O. ; Damašková, D. ; Eben, Kryštof ; Derbek, P.
A new model for simulations of urban environment USM was developed and integrated into LES model PALM inside the project UrbanAdapt. The model allows simulations of air flow, radiation, air temperature and temperature of materials, air pollution and indices MRT and PET in fine resolution. The surrounding of a crossroad of the streets Komunardu and Delnicka in Praha-Holesovice was chosen as a pilot area in collaboration with IPR Prague. Studied scenarios included changes of housing development as well as assessment of different types of plant canopy and sensitivity studies of the colour of walls, roofs, streets and pavements.
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