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Repeatability of behavioural measures of personality
Žampachová, Barbora ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Adamová, Dana (referee)
Personality is a concept enabling us to describe the systematical individual differences in behavior. It includes many behaviors, like exploration, activity, aggression, reaction to new stimuli, or sociability. The individuals differing in their exploration strategy are called fast and slow explorers, those differing in the level of aggression and the reaction to stress are called proactive and reactive individuals. If a certain group of behaviors appears together, we talk about behavioral syndromes. There are many definitions of personality, but most of them share a demand for time consistency. Repeatability is one of the tools for measuring this consistency. It's a correlation among repeated measures of the same individual. It is counted either as Spearman's or Pearson's correlation, or as an intraclass correlation coefficient, using variance components acquired from ANOVA, GLMM, or LMM. My original assumption was that the most repeatable behaviors are the ones demanding an immediate answer to the current situation. I executed a meta-analysis of the repeatability of behavior to test this hypothesis. I found the highest repeatability in aggression and the lowest in exploration. Other important factors were the identity of the source study, number of repeats, number of tested animals, and the method of...
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Factors influencing variability i behaviour towards novel and aposematic prey in tits (Paridae)
Adamová, Dana
Inter-specific and intra-specific variation in reactions towards novel and aposematic prey was found in several species of tits (Paridae). This Ph.D. thesis is focusing on various factors influencing reactions towards novel and aposematic prey in three European species of tits. We tested differences in exploration behaviour, neophobia, dietary conservatism, personality, age and experience as well as ability of avoidance learning and generalisation. We found no difference in exploration behaviour and in reaction towards novel prey in two different populations of great tits (Parus major). But the birds from the Finnish population were more neophobic than Czech birds, but they attacked aposematic firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) more often and faster than Czech birds. The difference can be explained by a different experience with local aposematic prey communities. Than we studied initial wariness in naive juveniles of great tits (P. major), coal tits (Periparus ater) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), and we tested how the initial wariness towards novel and aposematic prey can be deactivated by experience with palatable prey. Great tits and coal tits from experienced groups significantly decreased their neophobia towards both types of prey while blue tits did not change their strongly neophobic...
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Factors influencing variability i behaviour towards novel and aposematic prey in tits (Paridae)
Adamová, Dana
Inter-specific and intra-specific variation in reactions towards novel and aposematic prey was found in several species of tits (Paridae). This Ph.D. thesis is focusing on various factors influencing reactions towards novel and aposematic prey in three European species of tits. We tested differences in exploration behaviour, neophobia, dietary conservatism, personality, age and experience as well as ability of avoidance learning and generalisation. We found no difference in exploration behaviour and in reaction towards novel prey in two different populations of great tits (Parus major). But the birds from the Finnish population were more neophobic than Czech birds, but they attacked aposematic firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) more often and faster than Czech birds. The difference can be explained by a different experience with local aposematic prey communities. Than we studied initial wariness in naive juveniles of great tits (P. major), coal tits (Periparus ater) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), and we tested how the initial wariness towards novel and aposematic prey can be deactivated by experience with palatable prey. Great tits and coal tits from experienced groups significantly decreased their neophobia towards both types of prey while blue tits did not change their strongly neophobic...
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Factors influencing variability i behaviour towards novel and aposematic prey in tits (Paridae)
Adamová, Dana ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee) ; Šálek, Miroslav (referee)
Inter-specific and intra-specific variation in reactions towards novel and aposematic prey was found in several species of tits (Paridae). This Ph.D. thesis is focusing on various factors influencing reactions towards novel and aposematic prey in three European species of tits. We tested differences in exploration behaviour, neophobia, dietary conservatism, personality, age and experience as well as ability of avoidance learning and generalisation. We found no difference in exploration behaviour and in reaction towards novel prey in two different populations of great tits (Parus major). But the birds from the Finnish population were more neophobic than Czech birds, but they attacked aposematic firebug (Pyrrhocoris apterus) more often and faster than Czech birds. The difference can be explained by a different experience with local aposematic prey communities. Than we studied initial wariness in naive juveniles of great tits (P. major), coal tits (Periparus ater) and blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), and we tested how the initial wariness towards novel and aposematic prey can be deactivated by experience with palatable prey. Great tits and coal tits from experienced groups significantly decreased their neophobia towards both types of prey while blue tits did not change their strongly neophobic...
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Selfrecognition, selfawareness and other cognitive functions in cetaceans
Jachnická, Kristýna ; Šimková, Olga (advisor) ; Adamová, Dana (referee)
Self recognition is highly discused topic in cognitive sciences. Experiments on a level of behavioral (mirror test, reference tests of body parts using) show that animals usually are able to realize parts of their own body. There are several experimental evidence among cetaceans of this kind that proved that they are conscious of their own body parts (self awareness). There are also many other complex cognitive skills that can be predisposition to self recognition or that can prove that cetaceans are conscious of they own mind (self consciousness). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Recognition of predators in vertebrates: innated or learned?
Antonová, Kateřina ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Adamová, Dana (referee)
Predator recognition is the prerequisite for antipredatory behaviour. The ability to recognize predator may be inborn or acquired. The mammals as well as majority of birds have common care for brood. Many of both groups form more or less complicated societies. All those support naive individuals in acquiring knowledge of predators through the social learning that is not as risky as learning through experience. Studies of inborn or acquired recognition as applied by mammals and birds may bring generalized closures about various learning forms by both of these groups. Surprisingly, no systematic observations were made to the matter. As recent studies show, the naive mammals and birds may recognize predators, no conforming results were presented yet. Obviously, the recognition is depending on the incentives presented. Alive predator invokes more intensive response than any model, while the olfactory efficacy depends on the carrying medium. The recent studies in an integrant part neither allow to determine experimental precision. To do so, much larger volume of predators and controls should be made. However, studies of the kind are rare. Studies of mammal and birds' inborn and acquired predator recognition still remain the attractive research theme. Keywords: predator, recognition, innated, learned,...
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Repeatability of behavioural measures of personality
Žampachová, Barbora ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Adamová, Dana (referee)
Personality is a concept enabling us to describe the systematical individual differences in behavior. It includes many behaviors, like exploration, activity, aggression, reaction to new stimuli, or sociability. The individuals differing in their exploration strategy are called fast and slow explorers, those differing in the level of aggression and the reaction to stress are called proactive and reactive individuals. If a certain group of behaviors appears together, we talk about behavioral syndromes. There are many definitions of personality, but most of them share a demand for time consistency. Repeatability is one of the tools for measuring this consistency. It's a correlation among repeated measures of the same individual. It is counted either as Spearman's or Pearson's correlation, or as an intraclass correlation coefficient, using variance components acquired from ANOVA, GLMM, or LMM. My original assumption was that the most repeatable behaviors are the ones demanding an immediate answer to the current situation. I executed a meta-analysis of the repeatability of behavior to test this hypothesis. I found the highest repeatability in aggression and the lowest in exploration. Other important factors were the identity of the source study, number of repeats, number of tested animals, and the method of...
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