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The History and Activities of the Town and Country Planning Department of The Ressearch Institute for Building and Architecture in Brno
Žáčková, Markéta ; Chatrný, Jindřich (referee) ; Ing.arch.Igor Kovačevič, Ph.D. (referee) ; Doležel, Karel (referee) ; Koutný, Jan (advisor)
The dissertation explores the history and activities of the Brno-located Town and Country Planning Department of The Research Institute for Building and Architecture (RIBA) since its foundation in 1954 until its abolishment in 1994. As a part of the department functioning, a description of its main research tasks and publications, which had played an essential part while formulating theory and methodology of urban planning after the 2nd World War in Czechoslovakia, are introduced. Special attention is paid to tasks and publications whose authors and research workers applied interdisciplinary approaches and – in spite of the prevailing totalitarian regime – managed to apply their experience acquired abroad to produce highly influential works such as The Principles and Rules of Spatial Planning. Another objective of the dissertation is the creation of a complex bibliography of texts that were produced by the department (books, reports on the outcomes of research tasks that had been explored at the Town and Country Planning Department and that were released internally as handbooks serving research workers of the institute and other institutions focusing on building and architecture). Depictions of the Brno department of RIBA from the perspective of two of its significant representatives who have outlived the institution they had witnessed to be founded and to the functioning of which they had significantly contributed, become a key part of the text: Ing. arch. Vladimír Matoušek, CSc., the second head of the Town and Country Planning Department of RIBA and Ing. arch. Dušan Riedl, CSc., a theoretician of architecture and urban planning and a top expert on Czech national herritage. As the topic has not yet been subjected to scholarly research, the main objective of the work is to create the very first complex text on the Brno department of RIBA and its activities. The circumstances surrounding the constitution of RIBA in the context of other similarly functioning research institutes are pursued with a special focus on the fields of building, architecture and urban planning as well as legislative embedding of its foundation and functioning, its organization structure, staff, definition of taskmasters and the way the tasks were approached, relations to other institutions in the field, publishing activities and transfer of theoretical research outcomes to practice. The text also deals with the state of present-day research of architecture and urban planning. Archive material and publications released by the institute represent a predominant source of information about RIBA activities. They are now stored at the archive of ABF Foundation in Prague (the foundation has been administering both the archive and library of the Prague department of RIBA since its abolishment), at the library of The Institute for Spatial Development in Brno (the institute administers the library of the former Brno department) and at the Moravian Land Archive in Brno. Both of the archives have been thoroughly researched by the author. Critical reflections upon the urban-planning department of RIBA occurring in contemporary publications and periodicals are another important source of information which help to specify the character of its activities (recent literature mentions RIBA scarcely, a complex evaluation is still missing). Oral history reported by former employees of RIBA, who had contributed to the first-rate quality of its research activities.
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The Role of Bmh Proteins in the Regulation of Yeast Enzyme Neutral Trehalase Nth1.
Macáková, Eva ; Obšilová, Veronika (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee) ; Žáčková, Markéta (referee)
118 10. Summary Neutral trehalase 1 is a yeast enzyme from the family of hydrolases, which catalyzes hydrolysis of trehalose to two glucose molecules. Trehalose is a non-reducing disacharide, which serves as a carbon source in a yeast cells as well as a stress metabolite. When a cell is under stress conditions it accumulate trehalose and through the recovery process the trehalose is hydrolyses by trehalases. The main subject of our study was Nth1 from S. cerevisiae. It was published earlier (Panni, S., et al., 2008), that Nth1 must be phosphorylated by PKA and in the presence of 14-3-3 protein to be active. The activity of Nth1 also slightly increases in the presence of Ca2+ ions (Franco, A., et al., 2003). 14-3-3 proteins are family of acid regulatory proteins, which participates in variety of processes in the cells, like regulation of the cell-cycle, cell metabolism, transcription, apoptosis etc. They have more than 400 known binding partners, which include transcription factors, signalling molecules, enzymes and others. They control the regulation of their binding partners through phosphorylated motives in sequence by changing conformation of the binding partner, revealing or masking specific sequence or by mediation of protein-protein interactions. There are many isoforms of 14-3- 3 proteins through all...
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Localization and characterization of binding sites for Ca2+ binding proteins and phosphatidylinositol phosphates on intracellular termini of TRP channels
Boušová, Kristýna ; Teisinger, Jan (advisor) ; Žáčková, Markéta (referee) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
This dissertation concerns with characterization of binding sites for calcium binding protein S100A1 and phosphatidylinositol phosphates on intracellular regions of transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), particular from canonical (TRPC), vaniloid (TRPV) and melastatin (TRPM) families. TRPs represent superfamily of important mediators that play critical roles in sensory physiology: contributions to taste, olfaction, vision, hearing, touch and thermo- and osmo- sensation. They serve as non-selective and nociceptive membrane receptors responsible for the modulation of driving force for cations entry into the cell. TRPs are composed from six transmembrane domains and N- and C- termini intracellular regions. Overall four monomer units form a characteristic assembly of functional channel. It was demonstrated that most of this almost thirty-member family transporters are activated by a variety of different stimuli and function as signal integrators. The most examined intracellular TRPs modulators are cytosolic calcium binding proteins and membrane anchored phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs). These signal integrators bind specific domains in intracellular termini of TRPs, thereby change their structure and activate or inhibit the transportation function of receptor. To identify a novel ligand...
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Study of factors influencing proton transport mediated by MntH protein.
Straková, Eva ; Urbánková, Eva (advisor) ; Žáčková, Markéta (referee)
The natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramp) form a family of secondary active transporters facilitating the transport of divalent metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+) across biomembranes. Bacterial proteins belonging to the Nramp family were describedas proton-dependent manganese transporters - MntH. MntH homolog from E. coli representing a model system for structure function relationship was used in this study. Metalinduced proton transport mediated by MntH was measured by means of changes in intracellular proton concentrations using pH sensitive fluorescent protein pHluorin. This approach does not allow proper estimation of real quantity of transported protons, since the internal pH is tightly regulated. The cellular buffering capacity was calculated from measured pH changes induced by addition of propanoic acid, in order to better quantify the transport. The changes in [H+] induced by cadmium were recalculated using buffering capacity for the wild type MntH and its single-point mutation N401G, known to influence intracellular pH. It was shown that the chosen approach significantly influences results, including the dependence of transport on external pH. Potential influence of cadmium to respiration was imitated by using inhibitors of respiratory chain (KCN, NaN3) in measurements...
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Localization and characterization of binding sites for Ca2+ binding proteins and phosphatidylinositol phosphates on intracellular termini of TRP channels
Boušová, Kristýna ; Teisinger, Jan (advisor) ; Žáčková, Markéta (referee) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
This dissertation concerns with characterization of binding sites for calcium binding protein S100A1 and phosphatidylinositol phosphates on intracellular regions of transient receptor potential channels (TRPs), particular from canonical (TRPC), vaniloid (TRPV) and melastatin (TRPM) families. TRPs represent superfamily of important mediators that play critical roles in sensory physiology: contributions to taste, olfaction, vision, hearing, touch and thermo- and osmo- sensation. They serve as non-selective and nociceptive membrane receptors responsible for the modulation of driving force for cations entry into the cell. TRPs are composed from six transmembrane domains and N- and C- termini intracellular regions. Overall four monomer units form a characteristic assembly of functional channel. It was demonstrated that most of this almost thirty-member family transporters are activated by a variety of different stimuli and function as signal integrators. The most examined intracellular TRPs modulators are cytosolic calcium binding proteins and membrane anchored phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs). These signal integrators bind specific domains in intracellular termini of TRPs, thereby change their structure and activate or inhibit the transportation function of receptor. To identify a novel ligand...
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The Role of Bmh Proteins in the Regulation of Yeast Enzyme Neutral Trehalase Nth1.
Macáková, Eva ; Obšilová, Veronika (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee) ; Žáčková, Markéta (referee)
118 10. Summary Neutral trehalase 1 is a yeast enzyme from the family of hydrolases, which catalyzes hydrolysis of trehalose to two glucose molecules. Trehalose is a non-reducing disacharide, which serves as a carbon source in a yeast cells as well as a stress metabolite. When a cell is under stress conditions it accumulate trehalose and through the recovery process the trehalose is hydrolyses by trehalases. The main subject of our study was Nth1 from S. cerevisiae. It was published earlier (Panni, S., et al., 2008), that Nth1 must be phosphorylated by PKA and in the presence of 14-3-3 protein to be active. The activity of Nth1 also slightly increases in the presence of Ca2+ ions (Franco, A., et al., 2003). 14-3-3 proteins are family of acid regulatory proteins, which participates in variety of processes in the cells, like regulation of the cell-cycle, cell metabolism, transcription, apoptosis etc. They have more than 400 known binding partners, which include transcription factors, signalling molecules, enzymes and others. They control the regulation of their binding partners through phosphorylated motives in sequence by changing conformation of the binding partner, revealing or masking specific sequence or by mediation of protein-protein interactions. There are many isoforms of 14-3- 3 proteins through all...
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Study of factors influencing proton transport mediated by MntH protein.
Straková, Eva ; Urbánková, Eva (advisor) ; Žáčková, Markéta (referee)
The natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramp) form a family of secondary active transporters facilitating the transport of divalent metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Zn2+) across biomembranes. Bacterial proteins belonging to the Nramp family were describedas proton-dependent manganese transporters - MntH. MntH homolog from E. coli representing a model system for structure function relationship was used in this study. Metalinduced proton transport mediated by MntH was measured by means of changes in intracellular proton concentrations using pH sensitive fluorescent protein pHluorin. This approach does not allow proper estimation of real quantity of transported protons, since the internal pH is tightly regulated. The cellular buffering capacity was calculated from measured pH changes induced by addition of propanoic acid, in order to better quantify the transport. The changes in [H+] induced by cadmium were recalculated using buffering capacity for the wild type MntH and its single-point mutation N401G, known to influence intracellular pH. It was shown that the chosen approach significantly influences results, including the dependence of transport on external pH. Potential influence of cadmium to respiration was imitated by using inhibitors of respiratory chain (KCN, NaN3) in measurements...
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The Role of Uncoupling in Down-regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species
Ježek, Jan ; Žáčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Modrianský, Martin (referee) ; Drahota, Zdeněk (referee)
Uncoupling attenuates Complex I-derived superoxide production by accelerating electron flux and proton pumping within Complex I. However, under circumstances leading to hampered proton pumping pathway within Complex I, e.g. due to aberrant mutations of mtDNA encoding either ND2, ND4 or ND5 Complex I H+-pumping subunit, therapeutic strategy based simply on uncoupling would fail. Experimentally, hydrophobic amiloride EIPA mimicks the model of disabled H+-pumping. We show for the first time that EIPA is a real inhibitor of H+-pumping of mitochondrial Complex I. We searched for an agent that, unlike uncoupling, would be able to counteract oxidative stress associated with obstructed proton pumping of Complex I. Mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone MitoQ10 proved to be an effective antioxidant for this purpose when the rate of superoxide formation was high due to the electron flow retardation within Complex I. Because of its pro-oxidant properties, targeted delivery of MitoQ10 as a cure to the pathological tissue is necessary. Activation of mitochondrial phospholipase iPLA2 by mild oxidative stress can provide free fatty acid hydroperoxides as the cycling substrates for UCP2 that initiates mild uncoupling leading to the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as a part of feedback regulatory loop of...
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Umění ve veřejném prostoru
Žáčková, Markéta
Veřejné prostory ovlivňují obraz města a jsou jedním z hlavních činitelů určujících charakter, úroveň, kvalitu a atraktivitu městského prostředí. Práce se zaměřuje jednak na současnou podobu a typologii veřejného prostoru měst v evropském kontextu, jednak na vztah veřejného prostoru a vizuálního umění. Teoretická část bude zahrnovat interdisciplinárně pojatý exkurs věnovaný proměnám veřejného prostoru od přelomu 18. a 19. století po současnost z urbanistického, sociologického a filozofického hlediska. Zároveň bude obsahovat historický výklad koncepcí veřejného prostoru a rozdíly v jeho chápání, jako například rozdíl mezi osvícenským pojetím, v němž je veřejný prostor definován zejména právně a politicky, a romantickou koncepcí, která operuje spíše s filozofickými a morálními argumenty. Oba tyto koncepty zakládají moderní pojetí veřejného prostoru. S termínem veřejný prostor v dnešním smyslu se setkáváme poprvé až poměrně pozdě – v druhé polovině 20. století.
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