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Acts of international law as a source of EU law and their national implementation
Šváb, Ondřej ; Zemánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee)
VIII. Resumé The subject of my thesis is ‚The Acts of the International Public Law as a Source of the EU Law and Their Implementation in the domestic law of the Member States .' The purpose of this paper is to describe how the acts of international public law nature interact with with the european legal order, especially with the Community law. The European Court of Justice has articulated in his decisons that the Community legal order represents an autonomous legal system independent of the international law. Despite of this fact, the European Communities and also the European Union enter into the international relations. The EU is not an isolated entity which does not communicate with the outside world. Therefore, the system of the international public law necessarily influences the european legal order in the ambit of its external relations. My work consists of 3 main chapters, in which I attempt to analyze 3 different categories of the international public law acts, i.e. the system of international treaties, the decisions of the international organizations and the UN law, where I focus on the resolutions of the Security Council in the area of fighting the international terrorism. Initially, in the second chapter, I endeavor to briefly define, on which legal ground the European Communities and the EU...
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Can macroprudential policies curb house price booms? International evidence
Šváb, Ondřej ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Geršl, Adam (referee)
This thesis examines the effectiveness of macroprudential policies on reducing housing price growth in the international database of 56 countries with the use of GMM and fixed effects between 2000 and 2017. The macroprudential index is added to the dynamic panel data model where the housing price index is regressed on housing price determinants as the economic growth or unemployment rate. The analysis is also conducted on the sample of countries with a higher market share of owners with a mortgage as there is a higher opportunity to control the housing market through the credit channel. Nevertheless, results show that we do not have enough evidence to state that macroprudential policies curb house price booms. Contrarily, the effect seems to work in the opposite direction which is probably caused by a reverse causality between the growth of real estate prices and the implementation of macroprudential tools. The debt-to-income restriction is the only tool that decreases housing price growth according to the fixed effects model. Detailed counterfactual analysis of the Czech market proposes only a slight impact of the loan-to-value measure on the apartment price development according to one out of four predictions. 1
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Porovnání metod stanovení biologické spotřeby kyslíku
Šváb, Ondřej
Topic of master thesis is Comparison of methods for determining the biochemical oxygen demand. This thesis is focused on mutual comparison of four analytical methods for determining the biochemical oxygen demand on four different samples of water, matrices. It is described principles of determining methods and procedures that are defining by norms and specific manufacturer practices. The result of thesis is evaluation individual methods, advantages and disadvantages and also comparison of methods in terms of repeatability of results, price, labor intensity and time.
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Best predictors of apartment prices: Empirical Evidence from Czechia
Šváb, Ondřej ; Pleticha, Petr (advisor) ; Vozková, Karolína (referee)
It is essential to control for property price determinants since there could be created the price bubble, and its burst would have harmful effects on the economy. Thus, this bachelor thesis aims to show the best determinants and models for forecasting the apartment prices in Czechia and its regions with the use of panel data and time series from the Czech Statistical Office. After stating hypotheses of variable's expected impacts on apartment prices, the most important determinants appeared to be the average wage, unemployment rate, natural population growth, and the building plot price. The best results are found by using econometric regressions as the fixed effects, the first differences or the classical ordinary least squares method. I also use the heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent standard errors for better robustness of coefficients. Moreover, the lasso method is applied for dealing with multicollinearity and over-fitting, which are fixed by the variable selection. In most cases, the lasso improved prediction accuracy. However, the first difference regressions worsen the forecasts after the lasso penalisation. 1
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Acts of international law as a source of EU law and their national implementation
Šváb, Ondřej ; Svoboda, Pavel (referee) ; Zemánek, Jiří (advisor)
VIII. Resumé The subject of my thesis is ‚The Acts of the International Public Law as a Source of the EU Law and Their Implementation in the domestic law of the Member States .' The purpose of this paper is to describe how the acts of international public law nature interact with with the european legal order, especially with the Community law. The European Court of Justice has articulated in his decisons that the Community legal order represents an autonomous legal system independent of the international law. Despite of this fact, the European Communities and also the European Union enter into the international relations. The EU is not an isolated entity which does not communicate with the outside world. Therefore, the system of the international public law necessarily influences the european legal order in the ambit of its external relations. My work consists of 3 main chapters, in which I attempt to analyze 3 different categories of the international public law acts, i.e. the system of international treaties, the decisions of the international organizations and the UN law, where I focus on the resolutions of the Security Council in the area of fighting the international terrorism. Initially, in the second chapter, I endeavor to briefly define, on which legal ground the European Communities and the EU...
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Kompostování jako způsob nakládání s biologicky rozložitelnými odpady
Šváb, Ondřej
The topic of my Bachelor's work is Composting as a way of handling with biologically decomposable waste. This work deals with the ways of clearing away biologically decomposable waste, in details it describes the method of aerobic decomposing, in other words composting. Further it depicts the principle and process of composting, rules and difficulty of this technology. The result of the work is description of processing biologically decomposable waste in town Blansko. After comes the description of the technology and facilities of the composting plant, which composts in a hall in aerobic gutters.
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Methods for maintaining state information in the HTTP protocol
Polsemov, Anton ; Pinkas, Otakar (advisor) ; Šváb, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focusing on HTTP protocol, its features, and technological aspects. The HTTP protocol is stateless so it is necessary to search for methods to keep status information. These methods are cookies, URL query, session id, http authentication, hidden fields in forms, IP address and additional. Every method has its own strong and weak features. Security of these methods influences a final resolution. Ahead of description of the methods, the thesis is concerning cryptography a describing HTTP cookies in detail. The practical section contains an analysis of online banking in Czech Republic and characterization of trends in this brand. Also, an installation of a PHP5, HTTP Apache server, creation and signification of an OpenSSL certificate is in the last chapter and finally, a simple application of online Banking is created.
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Methods for maintaining state information in the HTTP protocol
Fiurášek, Tomáš ; Pinkas, Otakar (advisor) ; Šváb, Ondřej (referee)
Interactive Web applications affect almost everyone of us. Communication in these applications is generally provided by HTTP protocol. This protocol is stateless, which means, that it doesn't recognize the relationship between individual transactions. In modern Web applications, however, maintaining the status is crucial to ensure functionality. This thesis deals with various methods of state transmission and storage which solve the fact, that HTTP is stateless. The first part describes a theoretical basis of the HTTP protocol, concerns history of the protocol and explains related concepts. Next chapter deals with proxy and cache servers that serve as mediators in the communication and outlines potential problems that can occur while transferring state information. The following section is devoted to the methods for the maintenance and transmission of state information. In this chapter I describe various methods, then I compare them and discuss potential difficulties. In the next chapter I present the possibilities of the implementation of those methods in different development environments. Given that the matter of security nowadays has the focus, I also look at several problems also from the angle of security and safety. Theoretical conclusions of this thesis are reflected in the enclosed web application, which practically demonstrates the discussed issues and proves that the author of this thesis not only understands those issues, but he is also able to apply them practically.
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Methods of keeping the state information in protocol HTTP
Čech, Štěpán ; Pinkas, Otakar (advisor) ; Šváb, Ondřej (referee)
Význam této bakalářské práce spočívá v popisu základů nejpoužívanějších metod udržování a přenášení stavových informací v protokolu HTTP, jenž je zodpovědný za komunikaci mezi klientským počítačem, respektive klientem a serverem, v prostředí internetu. Onoho udržování stavových informací je třeba pro rozlišení jednotlivých uživatelů, využívajících složitější internetové aplikace, jako jsou internetové obchody, elektronická bankovnictví či různé vyhledávací servery. Praktická část je tvořena popisem webové aplikace speciálně navržené pro potřeby této práce, ve které jsou prezentovány jednotlivé metody zde teoreticky popsané. Tudíž je možno tuto práci použít jako návod při implementaci jednotlivých metod udržování stavových informací, a tak lépe pochopit celou problematiku a jednotlivé mechanizmy.
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Uchovávání stavových informací v protokolu HTTP
Kludský, Vojtěch ; Pinkas, Otakar (advisor) ; Šváb, Ondřej (referee)
Toto je bakalářská práce zabývající se možnostmi uchovávání a přenosu stavových informací v komunikaci bezstavovým protokolem HTTP. V teoretické části jsou popsány nejprve základy HTTP v souladu s příslušnými dokumenty RFC i faktickým stavem a v kontextu historického vývoje tohoto protokolu. Je vysvětlen bezstavový princip HTTP a důvod, proč představuje jistou překážku pro vývoj webových aplikací. Posléze jsou uvedeny významné metody, jak přenášet a uchovávat stavové údaje; jde především o využití vlastních možností HTTP, standardního rozšíření HTTP (HTTP Cookies) a jiných technologií na vyšší vrstvě. Jsou zhodnoceny jejich technické, bezpečnostní a další klady a zápory. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována mechanismu cookies; jsou zde podrobněji popsány jeho verze, důvody a okolnosti jejich vzniku a současný stav. Alternativou k přenášení stavových informací přímo je jejich uchovávání na straně serveru, avšak v takovém případě je stále nutno předávat uživateli alespoň identifikátor. Práce se zabývá vybranými bezpečnostními riziky, které z tohoto přístupu plynou. Konečně je věnována pozornost soukromí uživatelů, které při uchovávání stavových a identifikačních informací hraje důležitou roli. Zejména je popsán projekt P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences) konsorcia W3C. Praktickou část práce tvoří především test podpory různých verzí cookies ve vybraných současných i starších webových prohlížečích, test rozšířenosti a způsobů používání P3P a webová aplikace ilustrující základy práce s identifikátory sezení a základní bezpečnostní opatření.
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