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Damage detection using a cogwheel load - numerical case study
Bayer, Jan
A moving impulse load generated by a heavy cogwheel (CW) can be used as a testing excitation for bridges. This proposed type of dynamic load acts along the entire driving path, its intensity is adjustable, and it can be very efficient in the case of resonance. However, higher harmonic components are an inevitable effect of this type of loading, complicating the vibration analysis. The present study investigates suitable procedures to detect and locate damage in structures using a cogwheel load and only one or a few transducers mounted on the bridge. This arrangement seems to be sensitive to early damage indication. Damage localization is also possible, but further research will be required to increase its credibility.
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Moving dynamic test loads for road bridges - a case study
Bayer, Jan ; Urushadze, Shota
Two types of dynamic testing load for bridges - driving sprung mass and driving impulse load - areexamined from the drive-by identification point of view. Numerical studies in ANSYS using contact elements and in MATLAB using a modal solution together with coupling force were performed. Equations for the estimation of the impulse load caused by a rolling cogwheel were suggested. The experiments confirmed that a driving impulse load is more efficient in exciting bridge vibrations. This, together with the fact that impulse loading is not sensitive to surface roughness, leads to the conclusion that, as a method for bridge health monitoring, impulse loading is more promising than using a driving sprung mass
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Strategies for computation of Lyapunov exponents estimates from discrete data
Fischer, Cyril ; Náprstek, Jiří
The Lyapunov exponents (LE) provide a simple numerical measure of the sensitive dependence of the dynamical system on initial conditions. The positive LE in dissipative systems is often regarded as an indicator of the occurrence of deterministic chaos. However, the values of LE can also help to assess stability of particular solution branches of dynamical systems. The contribution brings a short review of two methods for estimation of the largest LE from discrete data series. Two methods are analysed and their freely available Matlab implementations are tested using two sets of discrete data: the sampled series of the Lorenz system and the experimental record of the movement of a heavy ball in a spherical cavity. It appears that the most important factor in LE estimation from discrete data series is quality of the available record.
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Proposal for loading tests of bridges - simulation and laboratory experiments
Bayer, Jan ; Urushadze, Shota ; Černý, Miloš
A new dynamic load testing of bridges is proposed and theoretically investigated. A transient analysis of passing vehicle over a bridge in ANSYS and an analytical program in MATLAB for the transient solution of piecewise linear mechanical structures were developed to assess the effects of the proposed dynamic load on a bridge model. According to the first laboratory experiments, it seems that the proposed travelling impulse load could surpass some of the shortcomings and limitations of the currently applied methods of bridge testing. The investigation is a part of a project aimed at drive-by identification of dynamic properties of bridges and further experimental and analytical research will follow.
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Accuracy and numerical efficiency of approximate method for complex eigensolution of structure with specialized damping device
Hračov, Stanislav
The paper provides a detailed parametric analysis of the recently proposed approximate method for complex eigensolution of non-classically damped structures. This method is based on a combination of perturbation and incremental approaches and is applicable to the classically damped structures equipped with a specialized passive damping device. The numerical efficiency in terms of the required calculation times and the accuracy is demonstrated on a model of an existing structure for various combination of computational parameters. Wide numerical simulations revealed the selection of real eigenmodes of undamped system used in the approximate eigensolution as the most important parameter affecting the final accuracy.
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Forced movement of a ball in spherical cavity under kinematic excitation
Náprstek, Jiří ; Fischer, Cyril
In the paper the response of a heavy ball rolling inside a semi-spherical cavity under horizontal kinematic excitation is investigated. The system with six degrees of freedom with three non-holonomic constraints is considered. The contact between the ball and the cavity surface is supposed to be perfect without any sliding. The mathematical model using the Appel-Gibbs function of acceleration energy is developed and discussed. The most important post-critical regimes are outlined and qualitatively evaluated on the frequency axis. Numerical experiments have been performed when excitation frequency is slowly swept up and down. Results obtained by means of semi-analytical investigation and numerical simulation are evaluated and physically interpreted. Some applications in civil engineering as a tuned mass damper used on slender structures is outlined. Strengths and weaknesses of solution method are evaluated.
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Asymmetry of the response probability density of a system with parametric random noises
Náprstek, Jiří ; Fischer, Cyril
Recording of time variable processes is accompanied by various internal disturbing effects as a rule. They influence parameters of the measuring facility, transducer-device transmission, etc. These parasitic processes are usually of the random character and, consequently, they exercise as parametric noises. Moreover, the input signal mostly consists of a useful signal which can be taken as composed from deterministic and random additive part. Various combinations of these noises are the origin of random and also systematic measuring errors which can have under certain circumstances a cumulative character, deteriorate the output signal quality and can lead finally to the stochastic stability loss. These effects can be theoretically described using differential systems with stochastic coefficients and stochastic right hand side considering all input and output processes to be of the Markov type.
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Experimental study of horizontal forces of pedestrian dynamics
Urushadze, Shota ; Pirner, Miroš
At present similar detailed examination of pedestrian dynamics has been brought about chiefly by the requirements of determining the loads on footbridges. In their case – contrary to bridges – the magnitude of dynamic response is more important than that of static response, as it determines also the serviceability of the footbridge with reference to pedestrian comfort. The forces frequencies of step or strides for different walking velocities is the most important for the further analysis and analysis of the mechanisms.s.
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A concept for testing and monitoring of building structures – theoretical case study
Bayer, Jan
A mere comparison of measured and analytical deformations, natural frequencies and mode\nshapes provides us with just a small part of the information contained in the data, especially when component- level damage prevention is needed. The presented analysis studies in detail a few criteria for evaluation of measured data, with the example of simulated plane trusses in respect to the ultimate limit state. It demonstrates the high potential of a systematic approach, while combining several criteria, particularly when using simultaneous strain and deformation measurements, as it documents the proposed Relative Mode Difference (RMD) criterion. On the other hand, the study points out the major limitation of practical applications that is caused by unknown inherent uncertainties of various kinds, providing us with the incentive for further experimental research.
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