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Stravovacích návyky z hlediska fylogeneze Homo sapiens sapiens.
HOLÁ, Marcela
Tato bakalářská práce se na základě syntézy odborné literatury pokouší vytvořit přehled vývoje stravovacích návyků předků současného člověka, počínaje nejstarším známým zástupcem hominidní linie - druhem Ardipithecus ramidus až po neolitického Homo sapiens a ukázat souvislosti mezi měnícím se potravním spektrem a fylogenetickým vývojem našeho druhu.
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Evolution of human socio-cultural and ecological traits: a phylogenetic (supertree) approach
DUDA, Pavel
Human species display complex intraspecies population structure and unparalleled behavioral and cultural diversity. In order to elucidate human population history and pattern of evolutionary change of socio-cultural and ecological traits, the first composite phylogenetic tree of 574 human populations (ethno-linguistic groups) was created on the basis of 129 recently published phylogenetic hypotheses based on genomic, genetic and linguistic data, utilizing supertree method matrix representation with parsimony. Subsequently, 56 selected socio-cultural and ecological characters based on ethnographic cross-cultural data were optimized on topology of obtained supertrees in order to reconstruct patterns of evolutionary change and states present in ancestral populations. The results are discussed in the light of recent studies of human phylogeography and cultural phylogenetic studies.
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Cladistic analysis of reproductive, behavioral, sociobiological, and developmental traits in the Hominoidea
DUDA, Pavel
The available information concerning reproduction, ontogeny, behavioral patterns and social relationships in all species of extant and some extinct were analysed cladistically. The character set was optimized on the phylogeny of the Hominoidea, and the particular common ancestors were reconstructed. The study reveals that all common ancestors (excluding the common ancestor of Pan spp.) showed more or less gorilla-like patterns of behavior and social system. The major outcome of this study is the finding that humans, despite universal assumptions, are (in terms of behavior and sociobiology) rather slightly derived gorillas than substantially derived chimpanzees.
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