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Transitional Justice During Ongoing Conflicts: the Case of Donbas in Ukraine
Rybak, Olha ; Mach, Zdzisław (vedoucí práce) ; Korablyova, Valeriya (oponent)
Transitional justice (TJ) is a means for a state to address grave human rights violations that occurred in the past due to armed conflicts or oppressive regimes. Contrary to the traditional TJtheory, which anticipates the application of justice-restoration measures to a post- conflict environment, this paper seeks to analyze the transitional justice toolkit implementation against the backdrop of the ongoing war. The document analysis of the peace concords and provisional agreements, done with qualitative content analysis, showcased that various judicial, social, political, and international measures and mechanisms can and should be applied prior to war resolution in order to facilitate the pursuit of justice, accountability and conflict settlement. The attempt to practically operationalize the developed TJ tool-kit in the midst of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine with a particular reference to the Donbas region (Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts) has proven that individual assessment of the local conflict peculiarities is crucial when it comes to such a complex phenomenon as transitional justice. Furthermore, some intricate nuances concerning TJ application to the given war, stemming from the current international settings, Russia's power position in the global arena as well as satiation on the...
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Federalism, Frozen Conflict, or Inner Neighbor: Combining Post-Conflict Peace Efforts with Ukraine's European Integration
Romandash, Anna ; Arregui Moreno, Francisco Javier (vedoucí práce) ; Mach, Zdzisław (oponent)
Recent conflicts in Europe - such as Balkan wars in the nineties and tensions in post-Soviet countries after the USSR's collapse - were addressed, among others, through federalization, freezing the conflict, or de facto divide within de jure one country solution. As stability across Europe remains fragile, the applicability and benefit of each of these methods needs to be reevaluated. This paper addresses federalization process in Bosnia and Herzegovina, frozen conflict in Moldova, and an inner neighbor/divided country scenario in Cyprus; further, it analyzes the key features in each of the post- conflict scenarios and compares them with Ukraine's current conflict and its EU integration process. The aim of the paper is to determine the essential components for different conflict resolution approaches, and their applicability in achieving stability and improving foreign relations. Ukraine's government is engaged in peace talks over occupied territories while also maintaining its efforts for strengthening its partnership with the EU. The negotiations have not managed to reach a sustainable solution to the conflict, but they highlight the potential of following various models for stabilizing the country while pursuing Ukraine's EU-oriented foreign policy. The paper analyses keys conflict-resolution...
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EU Foreign Policy Toward Venezuela, 2017-2018: A Study on the Potential Development of Human Rights in EU Foreign Policy
Luber, Jordan ; Mach, Zdzisław (vedoucí práce) ; Weiss, Tomáš (oponent)
European Union (EU) foreign policy generally has not been hailed as a great success for the integration project. On one hand, trade deals and other economic aspects of foreign policy have demonstrated EU external power and internal competence. Yet when it comes to political issues in international affairs, the EU is often unable to effectively influence situations or even vaguely behave like the major global actor which many, including EU policymakers themselves, hope and expect it to be. Outside of the wider European region and its neighbors, and on human rights issues, EU foreign policy is especially limited in both effect and effort. However, these patterns were broken when it comes to the EU's response to the Venezuela Crisis (2017-present), a severe and explosive human rights crisis. In early 2019, the EU almost immediately recognized the democratically-elected legislature's assumption of power as the democratic interim government against the executive's de facto and previously de jure authoritarian regime. For the EU, this action and the sum of its policy toward the Venezuela Crisis since January 2019 are unprecedentedly forceful and bold. How did the EU get to this point? To answer this question, this paper examines public EU foreign policy toward Venezuela in the first two years of the crisis-2017...
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The Ideological Enemy Within: How Viktor Orbán's Hungary Fell Out of Democracy as a Member State of the European Union
Langdon, Katherine ; Mach, Zdzisław (vedoucí práce) ; David, Maxine (oponent)
This study will more than simply echo the works of some scholars, notably Jan-Werner Müller (2018a & 2018b) and Bálint Magyar (2016), who assert that Hungary has fallen out of democracy altogether; it will attest to the existence of a fundamentally anti-liberal ideology that has been often overlooked as a cause of Hungary's backsliding and as a flaw in EU accession theory. Authoritarian movements will not be stopped unless they are first properly understood and recognized for their true nature. At a time when an influx of far-right (and far-left) populist movements are challenging the EU's integrity as a bastion of liberalism, it is important to analyze a case like Hungary's in order to better combat and prevent the spread of illiberal, authoritarian ideologies to other member states. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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