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Military expenditure and economic growth: A meta-analysis
Simpartl, Josef ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Baxa, Jaromír (referee)
This master's thesis provides a comprehensive meta-analysis inspecting the impact of military expenditures on economic growth. Its objective is to validate several hypotheses using a wide range of studies and the latest methods. The hypotheses included in this thesis are as follows. First, military expenditures reduce economic growth. Second, military expenditures retard growth in less- developed countries. Third, the effect of military expenditures on economic growth is non-linear. The general findings of this thesis support the first hypothesis. This result originates mainly from the significantly negative impact found in recent studies. The thesis also finds indirect evidence in favor of the second hypothesis. Even though the analysis did not find a significant impact on less-developed countries per se, a negative effect associated with African countries provides a persuasive substitute in this regard. Last, this thesis did not find any solid evidence in favor of the non-linearity hypothesis. This is the first time the effect of military expenditures on economic growth was analyzed using the latest methods of meta-analysis and provides robust input into a heated debate within the subfield of peace economics provoked by the recent events. 1
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Impact of smoke-free laws on hospitality businesses in the European perspective
Simpartl, Josef ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Haas, Emma (referee)
Ever since smoke-free laws regarding the hospitality business were proposed, there was an argument that these policies were going to harm their revenues and employment. This bachelor thesis examines this argument in the European context. The examination is divided into three parts. First, it aims to distinguish between effects of two distinctive forms of smoke-free laws. Second, it analyzes the impact of smoke-free policies over time. Third, it attempts to assess differences of their impact based on regional or socio-economic differences. Using difference-in-differences analysis of administrative annual data from Eurostat database, this thesis does not find any permanent effect of smoke-free laws on revenues or employment of hospitality businesses. The results of the analysis also show, that if there was any significant impact throughout the first years of the smoke-free law's validity, it was always short-lasting. Still, the over time impacts of the individual forms of smoke-free laws differ. In case of a partial smoke-free law, there is a statistically significant negative impact on turnover immediately after its implementation and a positive impact on employment in the third and fourth year after its implementation. The complete smoking ban does not exhibit any statistically significant impact at all. In...
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