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The issues of juvenile criminal justice
Hájek, Filip ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
In my dissertation "Problémy trestního soudnictví ve věcech mládeže" I speak about the issues of criminality of the young and about the forms of reactions to misdemeanour caused by the young perpetrators or children. The main legal regulation in this area is the law no. 218/2003, about the judiciary in cases of the young, that contains the arrangement of the material and the procedural law. In connection to the criminal law and the penal code it is a lex specialis. In the first chapter I speak about the theoretical fundation of the law arrangement, and so about the conception of the restorative judiciary. The main idea of this conception is to favor the educational action before repression. The aim is the relationship reconsiliation between the perpetrator and the victim, the awareness of one's deeds and subsequent continuance in one's life in conformity with legal order. The theme of the second chapter is the terminology of the judiciary law in cases of the young. A different terminology was implemented in order to reduce the stigmatization of the young perpetrators, due the interest of their proper development. The third chapter represents a brief retrospect to the history of law arrangement in the area of criminality of the young. In particular, it speaks about the judiciary law among the young...
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Resocialisation of persons after serving a term of imprisonment
Míčková, Sylvie ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (referee)
Resocialisation of persons after serving a term of imprisonment Diploma thesis discusses problem of resocialisation of persons after serving a term of imprisonment. The aim of thesis is to explain a process of resocialisation of inmates during their imprisonment and after it. Thesis also attempts to answer how effective is special treatment with inmates. The main focus is given to the ways how we try to reach resocialisaton of these persons, such as treatment programmes - especially employment of prisoners and institute of conditional release from serving a prison sentence. The final part of thesis deals with post-penitentiary care and points out huge problems disallowing successful resocialisation - indebtedness and impossibility to find a job after serving a term of imprisonment.
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Alternatives to unconditional imprisonment
Kasalová, Petra ; Říha, Jiří (advisor) ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee)
Resumé The study relates to the alternatives to unconditional sentence of imprisonment. The purpose of the study is to focus on the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative punishments and to discribe the application of chosen sentences in practise. The first part of my study is the introductory and defines basic terminology and institutes related to the topic. The second part looks at individual alternative punishments, coditions of their imposing and service of the sentences. The study is composed of six chapters. Chapter One explains the term punishment . It is subdivided into three parts. Part One defines the purpose of the punishment. Part Two briefly compares the absolute and the relative theory of the punishment and Part Three describes the principles of imposing the punishments. Chapter Two provides starting points of imposing the alternative punishments. This chapter consists of three parts. Part One is concerned with the restorative justice. Part Two explores the institutes of probation and mediation and Part Threee shows the advantages of the alternatives to unconditional sentence of imprisonment. Chapter Three deals with the alternative punishments. It is subdivided into four parts. Part One describes historical development of the alternative punishments. Part Two analyzes the aplication...
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Criminal and criminological aspects of murder
Hořák, Jaromír ; Fenyk, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Císařová, Dagmar (referee) ; Púry, František (referee)
English abstract Legal and Criminological Aspects of Intentional Homicide JUDr. Jaromír Hořák The study explores selected problems on the subject of intentional homicide that has key importance in terms of differentiation of these delicts through the introduction of privileged and qualified factums of crime. Until recently, all cases of intentional homicide except of infanticide were considered "murder" under article No. 219 of the former Czechoslovak criminal code of 1961. The new Czech penal code passed in 2009 replaces this uniformed conception by a terminological bipartition of "murder" and a less grave crime of "manslaughter", defined as committed in an excusable state of sudden strong mental agitation or as motivated by previous damnable actions of the victim. Furthermore, the new penal code returns to the traditional distinction between "simple murder" and "murder committed with aforethought or after premeditation". The study endeavors to present a comprehensive commentary on the elements of this new system of homicide law. Therefore it examines the cases of intentional killings committed in a state of a strong non- pathological affect (agitation), further it deals with the issue of provocation of the offender by the victim and eventually it concentrates on the qualifying criteria of premeditation....
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The history and development of skiagraphy
Dvořáková, Kristýna ; Hořák, Jaromír (referee) ; Daníčková, Kateřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis "The Evolution of Radiography" deals with sequential development of this imaging method. It covers time period from discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, over the conventional Radiography to the current methods and trends of the digital Radiography. For this important discovery, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, german physicist, got the Nobel Prize in 1901. This work provides complex information about X-ray technology and describes the image creation procedure. The "Analog Radiography" chapter describes Radiography equipment and the projection type transition: from the conventional film screen radiography to the computed and direct radiography. In case of the Computed radiography (CR) the cassette containing the X-ray film is replaced by a cassette with the photostimulable phosphor. The manipulation with the cassette is almost the same. But we don't need the dark room to get the final image, it is replaced by the reading device - the scanner. The simplest and optimal imaging system for future is the direct radiography (DR). The direct radiography uses two types of semi-conductor detectors described in detail in this work: with direct and indirect conversion of X- rays to electrical impulses. These semi-conductors are placed under the Bucky grid on examination table or on the...
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Protection against radiation at the out-patients and at the operating theatres - the role of the radiological assistant in safeguarding against radiation
Šimáková, Eva ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Marcela (referee)
The eim of this Bachelor's thesi s is to evaluate the radiation protection in arnbulatory care centers arnbulatory roorns consequences of excessive radiation on the rnolecular and organ level are also reviewed. New legislature, conceming the protection ofwornen is also discussed. The deterrnination in roorns), pararneters rnentioned frorn approximation principles The arnbulatory rooIUS. rneasurernents values frorn 2005. cornprises tab les, selected thesis radi ation ambulatory in comparison to operating rooms. First, the legislature of radiation protection is discussed. Then, different protective tools used in ambulatory care centers and operating rooms are listed. The excessÍve molecular concerning ofwomen Tne determination of effective dose (in ambulatory care centers and operating rooms), data processing, and different apparatus parameters are mentioned in another part. The groups used in this study were divided in respect to the age and diagnose. The data from the measurements can be used for approx.imation of radiation effective dose. The general princi ples of radiological assistant role in radiation protection are discussed consecutively, as well as the possibilities ofradiation reduction. Tne radiation protection is reviewed in respect to differences between ambulatory care centers and operating...
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