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Growing old needs „good strong story“: perspective of narrative gerontology
Chrz, Vladimír ; Dubovská, Eva ; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva ; Hrabec, Ondřej
Our contribution summarizes a number of studies aimed at resilience and integrity in old age. As a unifying Framework, we use a supposition of narrative gerontology (W.Randall), that the good aging is a creative work and the „story we live by“. Narrative gerontology is a part of a more general approach in social sciences, which assumes, that our experience, thinking, acting or identity are construed narratively. The narrative approach enables the understanding of the fact that resilience or integrity in old age needs „good strong story“. The stories that provide continuity, unity, course, and meaning to our experience, can be studied utilizing various types of narrative analysis. Presented are the results of the research of resilience in old age, where we identified several story genres. These are enabling to live the successful life against various troubles, which are connected with old age.
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What accounts for successful aging? – A dialogical self view
Filip, Miroslav ; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva
From the psychological perspective, older adults who are unsuccessful in aging (experiencing, for instance, depression, low well-being, or low life satisfaction) have been often considered unable to accept their own past including life losses. However, such an explanation may be too trivial. For example, an inability to accept the past may be a natural component of depressive thinking and not a separate variable that accounts for depression. Unsuccessful aging can alternatively be explained by focusing on processes of meaning construction of various aspects of one’s own life. The theory of the dialogical self describes these processes in terms of the development of an internal dialogue. An aging-successful older adult should develop a lifereviewing internal dialogue with adaptive features, such as differentiation or integration of various and often contradictory „I-positions.” Methods: Narrative analyses based on the theory of the dialogical self were applied to Life Story Interviews with 32 older adults (aged from 70 to 93 years). According to the presence of the adaptive features in narratives, various types of life-reviewing internal dialogues were identi-fied. The validity of these types was examined by their scores on the Reminiscence Function Scale (RFS). Respondents who used the respective types were compared in terms of well-being (Mood Adjective Checklist - MAC) and meaningfulness of life (Meaning in Life Questionnaire - MLQ). Results/Discussion: The narrative analysis yielded three types of life-reviewing dialogues according to how they are elaborated and adaptive: differentiated dialogue (low adaptive), progressive dialogue, and integrated dialogue (highly adaptive). The validity of these types was sup-\nported by differences on the RFS: participants with the progressive dialogue reported more frequent reminiscence activities to resolve past conflicts and to reconstruct their identity. As hy-\npothesized, scores indicating successful aging on the scales MAC and MLQ were higher in respondents with the integrated life-reviewing dialogue.
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The impact of shared video game experience on the quality of transgenerational relationships
Květon, Petr ; Jelínek, Martin
Objectives. Playing video games is a significant phenomenon in the lives of today's children and adolescents. The quality of intergenerational relationships is influenced by the sharing of specific experience. This study focuses on the impact of shared experiences with video game playing on the quality of relationships between grandparents and their grandchildren. Subjects and setting. The research sample consisted of 113 students of the University of the Third Age of Masaryk University (101 women) aged 59 to 80 (M = 66.3, SD = 4.1). Using the electronically distributed questionnaire, the level of video game experience, the sharing of video games with grandchildren, and the quality of transgenerational relationships were assessed. Results. Using the mediation model, it has been found that video game experience indirectly affects the quality of intergenerational relationships through mutual sharing of this experience. Limitations. The limiting factor for the generalizability of results is the involvement of a specific group of seniors (U3A participants), which is different from the general population of seniors.
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Cultural orientation of Czech Vietnamese with different generation status
Chvojková, Petra ; Hřebíčková, Martina
The aim of the study was to compare domains of Czech and Vietnamese cultural orientations in the three samples of Vietnamese Czechs differing in generational status (N = 430, 58% woman, in age 12 - 68 years, M = 20.58 years, SD = 7.5 years). Cultural orientations were measured using General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ, Tsai et al., 2000) with 37 items measuring Czech and Vietnamese cultural orientations. We conducted explanatory factor analyses with subsequent Varimax rotation and six factors were extracted in both versions of GEQ (e.g. Language, Cultural pride, Media, Cultural preference, Exposure, Language and Cultural preference). Analyses of variance by groups and Scheffé post hoc test was conducted to find differences in domains of cultural orientation in three groups of Vietnamese Czechs.
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Psychological testing of minorities: Inspiration from methodology of cross-cultural psychology
Čeněk, J. ; Urbánek, Tomáš
This presentation is focused on the problematics of psychological testing and the adaptation of psychological methods in Czech Republic. The emphasis is placed on the testing of Czech minorities. The goal of the presentation is to summarize the current state of psychological testing in Czech Republic, to indicate certain limits in the quality of Czech psychological tests, and to propose steps that could be used to improve the state. Cross-cultural psychology offers a set of principles and methods, both of qualitative and quantitative nature, which can be used not only for the evaluation of the existing psychological tests with respect to the tested populations (e. g. minorities), but also for the successful creation or adaptation of new tests.
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Generativity and stagnation in middle adults in the relation to characteristics of family of origin
Millová, Katarína
The aim of the research was to examine the relationship between generativity, stagnation and characteristics of family of origin (parental SES, parent-child relationship and family type). We proceeded from McAdams and de St. Aubin´s model of generativity and Bradley´s model of stagnation and own family typology (harmonious, average, disharmonic, and incomplete family). Participants (N=77, 52-54 years, 33 men) are part of Brno Longitudinal Study and completed battery of questionnaires measuring stagnation (BSS), generative concern (LGS) and action (GBC). Characteristics of family of origin were examined during their childhood and adulthood: parental SES (education and occupation) and type of the family (10 years), parent-child relationship (15 years), and retrospective parent-child interaction (47-49 years). People from harmonious families achieved significantly higher levels of generativity and lower levels of stagnation. Participants with higher educated mothers achieved higher levels of generative action. In the area of parent-child interaction we found significant negative relationship only between stagnation and retrospective assessed parental involvement.
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Cultural Orientation of Czech Vietnamese
Chvojková, P. ; Hřebíčková, Martina
The aim of the study was to compare Czech and Vietnamese cultural orientations in the sample of 430 Czech Vietnamese, 58 % women, aged between 12 and 68 years (M = 20.58 years, SD = 7.5 years). Cultural orientations were measured by General Ethnicity Questionnaire (GEQ, Tsai et al., 2000) which consists of 37 items measuring Czech and Vietnamese cultural orientations. Based on paired ttests we found that the research sample overall endorsed a stronger Czech cultural orientation rather than Vietnamese cultural orientation. Next, we conducted explanatory factor analyses with subsequent Varimax rotation and five common factors were extracted (Language, Cultural pride, Media, Contact, Cultural preference). Czech Vietnamese people reported higher Czech language proficiency over Vietnamese, preferred Czech media over Vietnamese, and had more contact with Czechs than with Vietnamese. The sample did not vary on Vietnamese and Czech cultural preference, but expressed more Vietnamese cultural pride than Czech.
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Life as a video game: play style from the perspective of ego-integrity
Hrabec, Ondřej ; Chrz, Vladimír ; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva
Digital gaming‘s interactive potential is frequently discussed in scientific discourse. Virtual worlds offer transparent and complex possibilities for action within which researchers can observe many different ways players attempt to reach the same goals as they would do in real life. Despite the escapist features of these artificial spaces, online gaming can serve as an example of the interconnection between reality and fiction. Along similar lines, the authors of this paper are applying the results of previous research on styles of play into the context of various stages of human life development. In pursuit of this goal com-parisons will be made between the concept of playful ritualization of ego-integrating activities from E. H. Erikson and forms of play inside video game worlds, which metaphorically reflect these social processes. \n
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Psychometric characteristics of Youth Self-Report in clinical sample
Urbánek, Tomáš ; Čermák, Ivo ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Schmidtová, Jana
The paper deals with reliability and validity analyses of the Youth Self-Report questionnaire by Thomas M. Achenbach. It is a method comprising eleven subscales, mostly syndromes of pathological conduct of children and adolescents. The data were obtained from the psychiatric patients (girls) from 12 to 18 years, most of them were exposed to family violence and abuse. The analyses of internal consistency and correlation analyses supporting the empirical validity of scales were conducted.
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The model of adaptive behavior for the development of Czech assessment scales for children
Chadimová, L. ; Urbánek, Tomáš ; Seifert, M. ; Ivanková, K.
We introduce results of cluster analysis conducted during the development of Czech assessment scales of adaptive behavior in children and adolescents. Within the frame of National Institute of Education we organized the group of experts on the topic of adaptive behavior, both from the academical and practical areas. Every member of the expert group obtained 300 items inspired by local or foreign methods of adaptive behavior assessment. The experts were instrued to cathegorize the items, which they found meaningful with regard to the construct of adaptive behavior and its manifestation on the Czech background. Based on results we compiled consequent model of adaptive behavior, that becomes the base structure for newly developed assessment scales. We compare this structure with the model of adaptive behavior used by DSM-V.\n
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