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Nature-based solutions and biomimicry for urban sustainability and climate change mitigation and adaptation: a case studies analysis
Hreljic, Aziz
This thesis reviews the role of nature-based and biomimetic solutions in improving the dimensions of urban sustainability and their effectiveness in addressing the growing pressures of climate change through mitigation and adaptation. The five case studies conducted on solutions in five cities from five continents suggest that the utilization of nature-based solutions in urban contexts creates benefits for all three dimensions of sustainability, albeit to different extents, despite the lack of policies that purposefully incorporate nature-based and biomimetic solutions in urban infrastructure. The study further revealed a lower level of usage of the solutions in climate change mitigation and adaptation, although there are some mitigation and adaptation co-benefits observed with some solutions. The economic dimension of development is undeniable, and from this perspective, there is still insufficient data that could be used to fully understand the implications and true value of nature-based and biomimetic solutions. This can also be said about quantitative data about the effects of the analyzed nature-based and biomimetic solutions in terms of air purification or energy efficiency. However, there is some data that implies these solutions support both energy efficiency, as well as bring environmental and health benefits to their users. Something that cities can and should do is develop policies that will promote the usage and monitoring of nature-based and biomimetic solutions in urban areas, in order to future-proof their infrastructure and to reap their social and economic benefits.
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Srovnání efektivity závlahy dřevin pomocí závlahových vaků a klasické zálivky
Omesová, Kristina
The bachelor thesis deals with the comparison of the effectiveness of two types of irrigation used for irrigation of young plantings in cities and in the countryside. Specifically, the irrigation of trees using irrigation bags and irrigation in the form of classic watering for irrigation bowls were compared. The growth and development of trees is not only affected by the method of irrigation, but especially by the environment in which the trees grow. The literature section mentions the impacts of climate change on the environment for tree growth, specific conditions for planting trees in the urban environment, the importance of water for trees, systems and sources of irrigation used in urban greenery. The whole research was carried out on the basis of measuring the length and width of the annual increments and perimeter of the trunk. The measured values were statistically processed and displayed in graphs. The results of the three-year measurement clearly show a higher efficiency of irrigation using irrigation bags at the time of application of irrigation.
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Porovnání množství vázaného uhlíku v nadzemní i podzemní biomase v různých typech využití půdy v okolí města Oxapampa, Peru
Chalupová, Karolína
The present work compares amount of sequestered carbon in different types of land use in the vicinity of Oxapampa in Peru. Research was conducted in the autumn of 2022 with focus on three main types of land use: coffee agroforestry plantations, montane tropical forests and silvopastoral systems. Data collection was carried out with Field-Map technology, where 47 study plots on 6 transects were compared. To estimate aboveground and belowground biomass allometric equations were used. The evaluation of soil carbon stocks was determined based on soil analysis using a Soli-TOC device (Elementar). The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the amount of carbon bound in the biomass of agroforestry coffee plantations and forest ecosystems. Soil carbon stocks were highest in forest stands in the upper soil layers. At lower depths (20–30 cm) the difference between the studied ecosystems was no longer registered. Average soil carbon values (%) for coffee agroforestry systems and particular depths were as follows: H (7,6 ± 3,8); 0–10 (5,1 ± 1,8); 10–20 (3,8 ± 0,8); 20–30 (3,4 ± 0,7). For study plots in forest ecosystems: H (34,2 ± 12,1); 0–10 (22,4 ± 14,7); 10–20 (9,5 ± 6,2); 20–30 (7,3 ± 5,8). Soil carbon stocks values for silvopasture systems were: H (12,1 ± 4,7); 0–10 (7,3 ± 3,3); 10–20 (5,3 ± 2,3); 20–30 (3,7 ± 2,1).
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Hodnocení změny využití krajiny v lokalitě Brno-Kohoutovice ve vztahu k infiltraci srážkové vody, změně klimatu a její vnímání místními obyvateli
Novotná, Karolína
The master thesis "Evaluation of the change of landscape use in the Brno-Kohoutovice area in relation to infiltration of rainwater, climate change and its perception by local inhabitants" contains an analysis of the development of land use between 1953 and 2020. The theoretical part contains information about the hydrological balance of the landscape, factors influencing the infiltration of rainwater and the importance of groundwater in landscape ecosystems. The area is characterised by natural conditions and historical development. The information has been confirmed and documented in field research and forest health assessment. The data obtained were used to calculate the amount of rainwater runoff, which increased by more than 100 %. The questionnaire focused on residents perceptions of changing moisture conditions in the landscape. The results of the questionnaire were processed and confirmed that residents perceive changes in the landscape. Based on the findings, measures were proposed to improve rainwater collection. The findings and suggested measures can be used to promote sustainable and efficient water management.
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Zhodnocení samočistící schopnosti vodního toku Bítýška
Vítová, Kristýna
The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of the quality and self-cleaning ability of the Bítýška watercourse in Vysočina. The theoretical part is devoted to the water management legislation of the Czech Republic, water quality including related problems, self-cleaning ability, wetlands and monitored water quality indicators. The next part characterizes the area of interest in terms of natural conditions and hydrology. The practical part describes in detail the collection of water samples, measurement of water quality indicators in the field and laboratory determination of chemical water analysis. The work concludes with an evaluation of the results obtained according to the relevant legislation and discussion. The results of laboratory analysis have demonstrated that the self-cleaning ability of watercourses was exhibited only for half of the monitored period and cannot be unequivocally confirmed. The findings revealed high concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand caused especially by draining under-cleaned water from root wastewater treatment plant into the watercourse.
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International Climate Change Law
Jiřičná, Kateřina ; Fabšíková, Tereza (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
1 Abstract Title of the thesis: International Climate Change Law Key words: climate change, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Paris Agreement The thesis focuses on evaluation of the development of international climate change law since its beginnings with emphasis on the development in recent years. The diploma thesis is divided into an introduction, five parts and a conclusion. The first part focuses on the scientific background of climate change. The second part describes the complexity of this problem and explains the reasons for different approaches of the states to climate change. The third part deals with the subject and sources of climate law. The fourth and fifth parts are devoted to a detailed description of the development of the international climate change regime within the UN with the focus on the development after the adoption of the Paris Agreement in the fifth part.
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Monitoring the state of knowledge about climate change in geological history among high school students
MANOVÁ, Štěpánka
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the monitoring of knowledge of climate changes in geological history among high school students. The research was with the aim of mapping the knowledge of high school students. The assessment of knowledge was carried out by means of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was first created, then sent online and then evaluated. Data collection took place from January to March in 2022. This work has shown that the knowledge of climate changes in geological history is not very extensive among high school students due to lack of information in school and lack of interest in this topic.
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Climate Litigation
Baránková, Barbora ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Climate Litigation ABSTRACT The topic of this thesis is climate litigation, as an increasingly more popular tool used in attempts to hinder climate change. Climate litigation consists of a truly diverse group of cases submitted to a wide range of adjudicatory bodies. The objective of this thesis is to provide a definition and basic typology of climate cases, to analyse the requirements for their success and their impact on climate change policy. The thesis analyses climate cases from all over the world, as well as from the Czech republic. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter offers a brief information on the consensus regarding the urgency of climate change and an overview of the most significant instruments of climate protection in international law. The second chapter attempts to introduce a definition and a fundamental typology of climate litigation. The chapter further identifies the concepts of success and positive impact of climate litigation on climate change regulation. The focus is also on strategic litigation, which is becoming on of the most successful types of climate litigation. The third and fourth chapter analyse in detail the characteristics of international and national climate litigation. The author primarily observes the similarities and differences in the categories...
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How will a longer vegetative season affect carbon sequestration in plant biomass
Kasperová, Denisa ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Ponert, Jan (referee)
As a result of human activity, a large number of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, is released into the atmosphere, which causes a greater greenhouse effect and an increase in the temperature of the surface of the planet and the air in the atmosphere. Ongoing climate change is one of the great challenges facing society, as rising temperatures on the planet greatly affect the functioning of its ecosystems. Extremes arising from climate change, especially temperature rise and lack of precipitation or a change in the annual distribution of precipitation, affect the physiology and phenology of plants. Higher temperatures cause plant growing seasons to shift and lengthen, which has a direct impact on the sequestration of carbon in plant biomass through a biochemical, physiological plant process called photosynthesis. The increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is slowed down by terrestrial forest ecosystems, as they can retain carbon in their tissues, especially in wood, for a relatively long time before it returns to the atmosphere. However, the efficiency of binding carbon into biomass also depends on other physiological processes, e.g., photorespiration, breathing, gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. Stressors caused by climate change can then limit growth, photosynthesis,...
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Climate impact on archaeological monuments in Prague Castle
Pokorný, Šimon ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kozlovcev, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the question of the influence of climate on archaeological monuments beneath the pavement of the III. courtyard of Prague Castle. The complex archaeological site is threatened by the effects of several climatic factors, especially water and temperature changes, which cause weathering processes, and the historical building material in this area is subsequently degraded. The theoretical part of this thesis first deals with the study of historical building materials in the excavation area, with a focus on marlstone and clay slate, which are most susceptible to various types of weathering. Subsequently, degradation processes that affect the state of the present material are discussed, particularly processes related to water penetration through the material, chemical weathering caused by salt crystallization, and swelling of clay minerals, a process that often occurs in clay slate. The last chapter of the theoretical part outlines the impact of future climate change on the action of these processes. The practical part of this thesis focuses on research into frost and salt weathering cycles, particularly the determination of the frequency of cycles in one year of continuous measurement. Moisture and temperature values over time from sensors that are evenly distributed throughout...
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