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Computational modelling of function of the human vocal tract
Ryšavý, Antonín ; Hájek, Petr (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
In the first part of this bachelor's thesis is a brief summary of the biomechanics of the creation of the human voice and an overview of the published computational models of the vocal tract and the area around the head. The second part deals with the computational models of the human vocal tract set to the pronouncing the Czech vowels /a:/ and /i:/ with using the method of transfer matrices and the finite element method. By these methods is perform modal and harmonic analysis. Are investigated the natural frequencies and own vibration shapes of both vowels and course of sound pressure in a specific areas of the vocal tract. The method of transfer matrices is highly depend on the geometry of the tract, particularly on the density of the reference sections and its results in this thesis do not completely agree with the results in the literature. Finite element method is more accurate and its results agree well with results reported in the literature, but the opposite of the transfer matrices method is significantly time consuming. Method of the transfer matrices is more suitable for a large number of calculations or tuning certain parameters. Models created in this bachelor's thesis can serve for the analyse of pathology of voice production, eventually for prediction of surgical procedures in the area of the vocal tract.
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Using finite element method for modelling of movement and stress of vocal folds during setting to phonation position
Šíbl, Michal ; Šidlof,, Petr (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
This Master´s thesis deals with use of finite element method for modeling motion and stress of vocal folds during setting to phonation position. The thesis contains a description of the relevant anatomical structures and of the closely related formation of the human voice. A list of some previously published models of the function of human vocal folds follows. A part of my work was to create a model of geometry of the larynx using CATIA V5 and PTC Creo 2.0 on the basis of data acquired by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). After that the model was converted into the calculation system Ansys Workbench 15.0 and, for solving contact problems, into Ansys Classic 15.0. To solve given problems, these programs use the finite element method (FEM). Solution was carried out for six different variants simulating individual motions of cartilages, corresponding to the activation of individual muscles. For each variant, the movements and stresses in the soft tissue of the vocal folds were evaluated. For variants with activation of IA, TA and LCA muscle it was also evaluated the contact pressure between the vocal folds. Finally, the thesis mentions the preparation of the model for the activation of the vocal folds movement by the muscles of the larynx.
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Creating a computational model of the human vocal tract
Freiwald, Michal ; Hájek, Petr (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
The research part of this bachelor’s thesis consists of a brief introduction to the human respiratory system and its subsidiary vocal subsystem along with a summary of basic phonation theories, voice disorders and published computational models of the human vocal tract. The experimental part engages in the making of the computational model itself, set to pronunciation of the vowel /a:/ in a woman vocal tract, on which, using finite element method, some of the basic acoustic analyses are performed, such as modal analysis or harmonic analysis. Calculated formants correspond with the values published in literature. Several different methods were analyzed while computing harmonic response. The most complex and the most time-consuming method, using infinite elements, also proved to be the most precise one. Thesis gives a decent comparison of the precision and complexity between the used methods.
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Numerical simulation of of human voice propagation through the vocal tract and in the space around the body
Batelka, Jiří ; Hájek, Petr (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
This master's thesis handles description of the source-filter theory of voice production, anatomy of larynx, possible approaches to voice production modelling and selected works using these approaches in first chapter. Brief description of selected quantities used in acoustics and model creation follows. Models of only the head and head with female and male torso are created, including mesh testing to determine suitable element size. Models created in this thesis focus on description of voice propagation primarily in front of body and on influence of torso on sound propagation. Inclusion of torso results in fluctuations in frequency domain in range from 1 000 Hz to 8 000 Hz, more pronounced near lower frquencies. In transverse plane the presence of torso manifests in lower SPL in front of mouth and higher SPL on the sides for several frequencies. Regions with decrease of SPL in front of mouth are coindicent with frequencies, where higher SPL on sides in comparision with direction in front of the mouth is evident. These observations are in agreement with other works. No significant differences were observed between models with different torsos in the transverse plane. Below the transverse plane differences between models with different torsos can be observed, for example for some frequencies decrease in SPL isn't observed in front of mouth in directivity diagrams for model with male torso.
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Linear prediciton and cepstral synthesis of speech signal in the TTS system
Mekyska, Jiří ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee) ; Smékal, Zdeněk (advisor)
This work deals with a linear prediction and cepstral synthesis of speech signal in the TTS (Text-to-Speech) systems with the opportunity of modeling the prosody. The work contains a description of speech signal in acoustic and phonetic plane, the principle of speech production and the way we can figure the speech signal in time and frequency domain. Next, there is the TTS block structure mentioned, whereas each block has its own detailed description. In the work, the modeling of prosody using the three most important suprasegmental features (fundamental tone, continuation and speech intensity) is also described. At the end of this work, there is a design and realization of universal Czech TTS system which is based on the speech synthesis in frequency domain. This system is implemented in program MATLAB.
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Voice Analysis for Detection of Diseases
Chytil, Pavel ; Sigmund, Milan (advisor)
Tato disertační práce je zaměřena na analýzu řečového signálu za učelem detekce nemocí ovlivňujících strukturu hlasových orgánů, obzvláště těch, které mění strukturální character hlasivek. Poskytnut je přehled současných technik. Dále jsou popsány zdroje použitých nahrávek pro zdravé a nemocné mlučí. Hlavním učelem této disertační práce je popsat vypočetní postup k odhadu parametrů modelu hlasového zdroje, které umožní následnou detekci a klasifikaci nemocí hlasivek. Poskytujeme detailní popis analýzy řečových signálů, které mohou být odvozeny z parametrických modelů hlasivek.
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The Vowel directionality analysis
Sádecká, Denisa ; Musil, Jaroslav (referee) ; Jirásek, Ondřej (advisor)
This final thesis attends to comparing different vowels, words and sounds recorded from five individual narrators. In this work the differences and similarities of the male and female speech or pronounciation, the distinction and resemblance in character of Slovak and Czech narrator are all discussed. Work also approaches the difference in pronounciating words which contain the vowel „r“ pronounced subjectively correctly and also spoken by a person with Rhotacism, a speech impediment. During a recording in an anechoic chamber the position of microphone system creating a semicircle was switched from horizontal to vertical axis while rotating the voice actor‘s position from facing the microphones to turning their back to them. For the comparison of sound recordings, signal‘s spectogram and spectograph generated in MatLab environment were used alongside with Praat – speech and phonetics environment. Polar graphs, mapping the directivity of vowels come from Microsoft Excel and LPC graphs from Praat software as well.
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Development of finite element model of human vocal tract and space around the head based on data from computer tomography
Švarc, Martin ; Pellant, Karel (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with creating a computational model for acoustic wave propagation in vocal tract and the area near the head. The main objective of this work is to map the three-dimensional model of the human head as an additional acoustic environment for more accurate measurement of the human voice on the basis of data from computed tomography, the study of function of the vocal cords, biomechanics of the human voice and an overview of medical imaging techniques suitable for the display of biomechanical models. The grid for finite element method (FEM) will be created from solid geometry of the vocal tract (from the vocal cords to the lips) and the acoustic space near the human head. The grid will be created in order to obtain new knowledge about the different locations of a human head with microphone.
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Computational modelling of voice propagation around the human head using finite element method
Ryšavý, Antonín ; Hájek, Petr (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
In the first part of this master's thesis there is briefly presented the biomechanics of the human voice creation and an overview of the hitherto published computational models of the vocal tract and dissemination of the acoustic waves around the human head. The second part of the thesis deals with the creation of the computational model of a dissemination of the acoustic waves through vocal tract and further into a space around the head during the pronouncing of the Czech vowel /a:/. The vocal tract is excited by a harmonic signal in the place of vocal chords. On the surface of the vocal tract and the part of the head including hair and skin there is defined an acoustic absorption. The dissemination of the acoustic waves in the vocal tract, in the near field around the mouth, in the area around the head and in the points on the cheeks is detailed mapped. The dissemination of the acoustic waves is analyzed in the points where the speech microphones are placed. Acoustic pressure dependence on frequency, transmission functions between defined points and the acoustic pressure amplitudes depending on the distance from the mouth are obtained. In particular, the frequency distortion of the spectra is observed at the points indicated. Furthermore, the radiation impedance in the mouth area is evaluated. The results obtained are compared with the results of the hitherto published experimental measurements and can be used for the exact measurement of human voice or for the frequency correction of the microphones during the scann of the speech and sing placced in the analyzed points.
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Computational modelling of interaction between oscillating vocal folds and air flow
Pavlica, Ondřej ; Matug, Michal (referee) ; Švancara, Pavel (advisor)
Master thesis deals with creating numerical model of the human vocal folds. Calculation algorithm includes interaction between vocal chords and the air flow. Modal analysis of structural and acoustic environment, backround research of vocal folds function and summary of some published overviews of numerical models are parts of this work. Analysis of the results achieved by the numerical simulations and calculations are focused on the pressure and velocity conditions in the areas under vocal folds, between vocal folds and above vocal folds. Movement and stress analysis of individual layers of vocal folds has been made. Impact of tissue thickness on resulting behaviour has been assessed.
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