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Evaluation of creation of yield parameters of Kazbek and Saaz Late cultivars
Štefanová, Lucie ; Pulkrábek, Josef (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
Hops has been grown in Saaz region for 700 years. The first written mention about local hop garden comes from 1348, but it is certain that the hop gardens were owned by brewers and church dignitaries even earlier. First, hops was grown on the monastery grounds on a large scale. Czech, and thus Saaz hops, reached its peak in the 19th century, mainly for its fragrance, color and kontent of lupulin, and became a benchmark for determining the quality and price of hops.
Kazbek is the first variety of "flavour hops" bred in the Czech Republic. Its unique sensory properties were examined with numerous brewing tests in several breweries of different sizes. Breeding of "flavour hops" is a real challenge for hop breeders. The first hop in that category, for example Citra, Amarillo, Simcoe, Bravo, were bred in the United States. Variety Kazbek was obtained by selecting progeny of the hybrid material, which has origins in Russian wild hops. It was registered in 2008 due to high stability and efficiency. Robustness and stability is expressed in the name of the variety, because Kazbek is the highest mountain of the middle Caucasus. From the brewing point of view, it belongs among the bitter types.
Saaz Late variety was obtained by selecting F1 offspring of parental combination of unfinished breeding material that is the origin of Saaz. It has a charakter of late variety. Saaz Late is an aromatic variety for the second and third hopping. Aroma is genuine, fine, hoppy.
The most important quality aspect of hops is alpha acids content. Content of alpha acids has been reagularly assessed since 1981. The evaluation results show, that the alpha acids kontent in varieties Saaz Late and Kazbek is proven statistically different.
Selection of suitable location is the key element for cultivation of hybrid varieties. It is very important to focus on the evaluation of natural conditions of each location. This paper shows that there is no statistically significant difference between locations Stekník and Blšany.
Optimal temperature for growth and subsequent yield formation should not drop below +7 °C in April, +11 °C in May and from June to August should range between +15 and +18 °C. The stability and balance of temperature is also important. Precipitation has a bigger
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impact on yield formation than temperature. This statement was confirmed in 2015, when tropical temperatures and drought during the flowering and cone formation caused significant decrease of yield. Low yield level
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