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Použití různých mléčných krmných směsí ve výživě telat
Divišová, Markéta
The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the weight, hip height differences, and the occurrence of diarrhea in calves, which were fed with various milk compound feed. The experiment was conducted on 26 Holstein calves divided into 2 groups (n = 13). The control group was fed by milk compound feed Startino (Sano) and the experimental group with milk compound feed LilaCitro (Sano). The control compound feed was a skimmed milk type and the experimental compound feed was a whey type. Feeding went on the identical schedule. The experimental compound feed was used from the 3rd week as at this age, the calf is able to digest whey. In evaluated parameters (weight, gain, hip height, diarrhea occurrence), there were not found any statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0,05). The economical aspect of different feeding compounds was evaluated as well. The overall expenses of milk compound feed of the experimental group are 1 652,02 CZK lower than those of the control group. Given that we did not find out any statistically significant differences in weight, hip height, and diarrhea occurrence but there is the evident difference in the expenses of compound feed, it is feasible to recommend and use cheaper milk compound feed of whey type.
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Využití probiotických a fytobiotických krmných aditiv ve výživě telat
WENDL, Denis
The bachelor thesis describes the antenatal period, delivery, treatment of the cow and calf after birth. Most attention is paid to nutrition and rearing of calves. The topic deals with the nutrition of the calf from the first days of life, as this period is the most important for the transmission of good immunity.The next period is dairy nutrition, which is associated with a good development of the digestive system, using starter feeds. Other chapters cover the basics of zoohygiene, disease agents and the overall nutrition of calves using feed additives such as probiotics and phytobiotics
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Výživa telat mléčným krmným automatem
HOMOLKOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis "Nourishing calves by the automatic milk feeder" describes the calf feeding technology that provides the breeder having control over the quantity and type of served milk along with constant health monitoring of individual calves during their dairy feeding period. The first chapter describes the characteristic organization of the digestive system of ruminants, its specific functions, and its development in the prenatal but also the postnatal period. The second chapter is devoted to the colostrum and dairy period. It focuses on the composition of the colostrum together with its immune significance which procures passive immunity caused by immunoglobulins to calves after birth. Followingly this chapter discusses the composition of cow milk and different technologies for feeding it to the calves during their dairy period. The third chapter is dedicated to nurturing cows in their transit period divided into the period before giving birth, so-called dry standing, and the post-delivery period. During the dry stand period, the milk cow prepares for oncoming labour during which the base of the feed ration consists of fodder (the income of substantial feeds is reduced to avoid potential fatting) and a specific amount of nitrogenic substances (which prevents insufficient development of the foetus and low viability of the calves, higher risk of ketosis, repressed bed or liver fatting). In the final chapter is described the technology of feeding calves by the automatic milk feeding machine itself. Its benefits include the prediction of the possible presence of the disease, the opportunity to set the exact feed ration, and its disadvantages represent the higher risk of respiratory and diarrhetic diseases along with the eventuality of appearing the cross-drinking.
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Výživa telat do odstavu, rizika spojené s dietetickými poruchami
ŠIMKOVÁ, Františka
The bachelor's thesis includes the physiology of the digestive tract in cattle and deals with the nutrition of weaned calves. This topic includes colostrum nutrition in the first days of life after the birth of a calf. It is the most important period in nutrition in general, because it affects the production of passive immunity of calves and thus future performance. The next stage is nutrition with milk or milk compound feed. The later performance associated with the proper development of the rumen is also affected by the administration of the starter during the dairy period. The next chapters summarize calf diseases associated with dietary deficiencies, which are mainly diarrheal diseases. The final chapters suggest the treatment and prevention of these diseases.
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Základní aspekty výživy telat
MICHÁLKOVÁ SUDOVÁ, Klára
The thesis contains a literature review of basic aspects of the nutrition of calves. This is the nutrition of the calf from the prenatal period to the nutrition of calves in each category of development separately. These are colostrum nutrition, the period of milk nutrition and plant nutrition. The work also deals with the technology of feeding and specifically active substances in the nutrition of calves (additives).
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Použití různých typů startérů ve výživě telat
Křivová, Štěpánka
The thesis objective was to compare the effect of different types of starters on starter intake, growth performance and fermentation in rumen of calves in the period of milk nutrition, and expenses on the starter. The experiment was carried out on Czech Fleckvieh calves (n = 28) housed in outdoor individual boxes and fed by colostrum (until the 5th day of life) or milk compound feed (since the 6th day of life) and starter. The calves were divided into four groups of seven animals each depending on the type of starter they were fed with (A: pelleted starter with oat grains; B: completely pelleted starter, C: textured starter, D: starter with chopped straw). The mean age of calves in each group was determined by their age in the beginning of the experiment and by sex. The experiment lasted in 52nd day of calves age. The mean intake of individual types of starters was relatively balanced thus the differences among groups were statistically insignificant as well as the average daily gain of calves in individual groups. There is substantial evidence that the expenses on consumed starter were the highest in case of the C group. The average rumen fluid pH of most of the calves was oscillating under 6 (with exception of calves in the C group in the first sampling and calves in the D group in the second sampling). In rumen fluid of most calves, quite high levels of propionic acid (over 30% with exception of calves from the D group) and low levels of acetic acid (under 56% with exception of the D group) were measured. Based on the end results of the rumen fluid examination, a disposition to development of subacute ruminal acidosis can be seen in case of calves from groups A, B and C. The pH levels and the levels of propionic acid and acetic acid in rumen fluid of the calves from the D group met the parameters of rumen fluid of healthy animals. Based on the results of the experiment it can be concluded that in terms of health, it is recommendable to opt for the starter with chopped straw, which is the most convenient for the development of rumen fermentation without risk of subacute ruminal acidosis.
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Analýza farmy dojnic za účelem kontroly výživy, metabolismu a zdraví dojnic ve vztahu k užitkovosti
Šiklová, Veronika
The aim of the final thesis was to control the management of dairy cows breeding, nutrition, health and milk production in the chosen company. The next aim was to recommend measures in the order to improve the business situation, to realize some of them and compare results. Literary part is focused on the characteristic of nutrition of calves, heifers and dairy cattle. Methods how to control nutrition and metabolism with using feed mixture, excrements, ruminant, body condition, control of milk production and a content of milk components analysis are described. Practical part includes a description of the company, an analysis of the situation in April 2018 and recommended improvement measures. The implemented measures on the farm in summer 2018 are also described. The breed is characterized by data such as number of cattle, results of reproduction and health, average yields in last years and milk components. Furthermore, the changes that took place on the farm during the reporting period are described. The weights of two groups of calves with different nutrition were compared and evaluated (the group of calves fed with milk and starter from the birth vs. the group of calves fed only with milk). At the age of three months, calves fed with milk and starter had significantly higher weight compared to the group of calves which were fed with starter during weaning period. The milk yield was inconclusive (p = 0.06) after the realization of the measures. However, there were significant changes in milk components — protein, fat and urea content increased. The comparision of milk yield and milk components of the Czech Fleckvieh’s and Holstein’s breed was evaluated. Holstein dairy cows had a higher milk yield with lower somatic cells. On the other hand milk of Czech Fleckvieh’s cows contained more protein and fat. Other analyses showed, that cows are getting fat at the end of lactation and during dry period. Suspicions of acidosis and insufficient homogeneity of feed mixture were evaluated (because of the different consistency of feces of dairy cows in the same group, the content of the raw elements was high in feed ration, the problem of separation of feed mixture components during transport by belt conveyors was proven).
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Vliv startérů na užitkové vlastnosti a celkový stav organismu telat
Aulichová, Tereza
The thesis is focused on the comparison of the influence of different types of starters on feed intake, holstein breed calf increments, feed conversion, economy, rumen fluid and blood parameters during calf rearing. After the colostrum period, the calves were divided into 3 groups of 5 individuals, they were fed by dairy feed mixture and various types of starter mixtures. The first group had ČOT – B granular starter (granulated granulated components), the second group received Premiumstart – muesli and the third group got Goldstart – a mixture of granules, corn flakes and cut straw ("straw starter"). In 60 days old they were bled and then killed in a slaughterhouse. After slaughter, the rumen and rumen fluid were collected from the calves for subsequent analyzes. The average starter consumption and feed conversion was the highest in the second group. The average daily increase was relatively balanced in the individual groups. The load per kg increment and the real starter consumed was demonstrably the lowest in the first group. The average pH of rumen fluid was significantly lower in the first group (below 5.5). Propionic acid was relatively high in all calves (up to 15% in the first group, 9% in the second and third groups) and low levels of acetic acid (8% lower). A low number of ciliates was found in all groups, but in the third group level was close to the reference values of adult cattle (119 thousand / ml). In calves received Goldstart starter straw, rumen fermentation values were closest to the physiological rumen environment. In this group of pH, the number of ciliates and the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid corresponded. In terms of rumen papillum development, rumen volume, ammonia, pH, WBC, and ALP levels, Premiumstart – muesli is the most appropriate. The WBC concentration was highest in calves that received muesli starter. The highest glucose levels were observed in calves that received the ČOT – B granulator starter. The highest levels of ALP were found in the calves that received the muesli starter, which can be confirmed by the highest daily gains in these calves. The results obtained give a good idea of the functioning of the individual starter mixtures. However, for practice, it will be necessary to repeat the experiment to confirm some claims.
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Posouzení úrovně výživy telat v daném zemědělském podniku
CHUDOBOVÁ, Monika
The diploma thesis prepares the evaluation of the feed ration during the period of plant nutrition of calves in the monitored enterprise. The feed is evaluated on the selected farm on the basis of nutrient needs with respect to the recommended values - standards. Above the award, the feed for the heifers is evaluated. In the case of heifers, the feed dose, which is presented during the rearing of heifers, is compared with the average daily increments of one year (2017).
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Krmná aditiva ve výživě telat do odstavu
HOMOLOVÁ, Jana
Nutrition of calves to the weaning period is the most important part of the life of the calf, because poor nutrition at colostral and milky period shows signs of the poor feed on the vitality and appearance of the calf. The quality nutrition of animals contributes to their health and good performance. To support settlement of the gastrointestinal tract by appropriate bacteries are used feed additives, such are probiotics, prebiotics or symbiotics. This thesis deals with care of the calves, their nutrition, development of the digestive system and the rearing period. It also gives the brief overview of the feed additives and its practical use.
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