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Využití vybraných komponentů rostlinného původu ve výživě ryb
Zugárková, Iveta
The main aim of this Bachelor´s thesis was to create a literary review on the use of selected plant components in fish nutrition. Part of the review contains data on fish bre-eding and nutrition, nutritional requirements regarding the nutrients and customization of fish food. The second part of the Bachelor´s thesis presents a draft on the methodo-logy of a feeding test. Both scaled and mirror forms of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) will be used in this test and fed different crops: feeding and low-phosphate wheat, feeding and pearl barley. The corps will be processed into granule to make the food intake and utilization easier. The test will star in May 2016 and be carried out in the recirculation system of the aquarium room at the Department of fishery and hydrobiolo-gy of the Mendel University in Brno. The aims of the test is to evaluate the production effectiveness of used crops, including their influence on the chemical composition of fish tissues and selected parameters of internal environment of fish bodies. The tested crop species were chosen based on the data on the influence of various crops on the phosphorus level reductions in fishponds. Because the plant food for carp represents the most expensive part of carp breeding, there is ongoing research for finding economically and nutritionally suitable food.
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Cirkulární a dlouhodobě udržitelná výživa ryb
ROY, Koushik
The linear flow of nutrients from aquafeed, feeding fish to excretory products released by the fish if closed by integrating with plants, then the excretory waste does not seem to be a waste, but rather a resource. Whether a nutrient molecule is going in fish (i.e., nutrition) or coming from fish (i.e., excretion) depends a lot on the interactions of management decisions in aquaculture and the biological or physical environment of a feeding fish. If circular-origin feedstuffs are used in future aquaculture or species that are societal discards are integrated into aquaculture, both offer prospects as a nutrition source either for humans (food) or for farmed animals (feed). However, they are not without problems either- nutritionally. On the one hand, the nutritional requirements of raising such new circular origin 'food' may not be well known. On the other hand, the nutritional value of the circular origin 'feed' may not be perfect. Thus, completely integrating everything (feed and food) within an umbrella of 'circularity' would bring their own, completely new challenges. Feeding decisions or nutrition provisioning in aquaculture greatly impact neutralizing nutrient footprint and achieving sustainable production. But in semi-intensive pond aquaculture, the repercussions of feeding decisions and its resultant nutrient footprint are nothing compared to the many times higher positive value of intangible ecosystem services such systems provide. Therefore, the focus for sustainable production in the future should focus more on ecosystem functioning than blindly curbing production intensity and assuming it would make a significant difference in environmental sustainability. By using fish nutrition and excretion knowledge, there are possibilities to manipulate in-vivo systems to maximize nutrient retention efficiency and minimize losses in-situ. If these pieces of knowledge are applied in line with contemporary ecological principles in outdoor semi-intensive aquaculture systems, future adaptation strategies may be intelligently formulated to achieve improved resource use efficiency of a farming system. The entire system (in-vivo and in-situ nutrients pool) must be visualized as a unit, functioning individually but synchronized. The synchronization mechanisms should be targeted for future biomanipulation. The applications of fish nutrition (and excretion) can also be beyond the nutrition (growth and physiology) of farmed animals or emissions (and re-valorization) of nutrients. Knowledge of the digestibility of different nutrients in a wide range of feed ingredients by a particular fish species, and its established digestible nutrient requirement, can help find more precise replacements of finite, unsustainable, and conventionally overexploited or even non-circular resources presently used in aquafeed of a given species. The knowledge of nutrient partitioning (digestibility, metabolic losses), its retention or total loss limits and repercussions on growth and excretion by fish, composition of excreted products itself (suspended losses versus reactive losses) can further make the recycling and re-use of nutrients (in circular food system models like aquaponics) more precise and more efficient. Even using the knowledge, the in-vivo system of fish can be taken advantage of through tailored feed formulation (crude intake levels) that would result in manipulated levels of excreted nutrients in-situ, available to microbial processes or plants.
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Vliv produktů ze zpracování konopí ve výživě kapra obecného (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Palíšek, Ondřej
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of feed mixtures with different proportion of cannabis products on fingerling of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The addition of hemp cake to feed was tested. The feed experiment was conducted in period 21.9.2016 - 21.11.2016 in recirculation system consisting of 10 tanks of 200 l volume connected to a biofilter. During the experiment, control weight measuring was performed and the hydrochemical and physical parameters in every tank were recorded. Fish were fed feedstuff with 5 %, 10 % and 15 % of hemp cake. On average, the fish grew from 35.37 grams to 57.24 grams. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and ratio of these two values achieved fish fed feeding mixture number 2 with 10 % of cannabis cake (FCR 3,14, SGR 0,83 %, FCR/SGR 3,96). Statistical significant influence of feed mixture on content of proteins, fats and n-3 fatty acids in carp muscle was not proven.
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Využití komponentů a krmiv rostlinného původu ve výživě kapra obecného (Cyprinus carpio L.).
Kudláček, Josef
The aim of this thesis was to compare the effects of feed mixtures with different share of selected plant components on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Two feed tests were conducted in recirculation aquaculture system, in tanks with a volume of 160 l. The tests were conducted in two repetitions and lasted for 64 - 65 days. The feed ratio was 2% of the fish stock weight. For the first test 6 feed variants were prepared. A complete feed mixture for carp (KP1 Plus 15%) was chosen for the control and also as the base for other experimental feed mixtures. The following variants were prepared: feed mixtures with the addition of pea 15%, soybean 15%, lupine 15%, 30% and 45%. The resulting effect was similar for all feeds. Soybean 15% feed achieved the best results (FCR 2.47, SGR 0,71 %.d-1, RGR 50,14 %). Lupine feeds showed worse production parameter levels, whencompared tothe control. From an economic point of view, the mostcost effectivefeed was lupine 45% (FCR 2,67, SGR 0,66 %.d-1 RGR 46,64 %). For the second test 4 feed variants were prepared. The control and base for experimental feed mixtures was the same as in the first test (KP1 Plus 15%). The following feed variants were used: lupine 20%, 45% and 70%. Feed variant with 45% lupine achieved the best results (FCR 2,23, SGR 0,79 % .d-1, RGR 56,75 %) ,followed by lupine 70% (FCR 2,24, SGR 0,78 %. d-1, RGR 56,91 %), therefore, lupine feeds have achieved better production and economic parameters, when compared to the control.
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Live food organisms for fish - an overview
MILLEROVÁ, Adéla
Feeding organisms are an important part of the fish's nutrition, they are used not only when foddering fish larvae, but also as a supplementary feed for adult fish. The addition of animal and vegetal ingredients in the feed of fish has a proven effect on their growth, reproduction, condition and the intensity of their coloration. To the group of feeding organisms used in fishkeeping belong protozoans, rotifers, crustaceans, nematodes, oligochaetes, molluscs and insects. A specific group of feeding organisms are algae and cyanobacteria, which are used not only as a supplementary feed for aquarium fish, but also as a food for some feeding organisms, for example rotifers, cladocera and copepods. The individual chapters of the thesis contain information about the usage of these specific organisms in fishkeeping, basic characteristics (size, occurrence, eventually also reproduction), breeding in home conditions (inclusive the list of needed things, advantages, disadvantages and the costs of breeding), also the method of obtaining and preservation of this specific type of nutriment.
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Využití vybraných komponentů rostlinného původu ve výživě ryb
Zugárková, Iveta
The main aim of this Bachelor´s thesis was to create a literary review on the use of selected plant components in fish nutrition. Part of the review contains data on fish bre-eding and nutrition, nutritional requirements regarding the nutrients and customization of fish food. The second part of the Bachelor´s thesis presents a draft on the methodo-logy of a feeding test. Both scaled and mirror forms of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) will be used in this test and fed different crops: feeding and low-phosphate wheat, feeding and pearl barley. The corps will be processed into granule to make the food intake and utilization easier. The test will star in May 2016 and be carried out in the recirculation system of the aquarium room at the Department of fishery and hydrobiolo-gy of the Mendel University in Brno. The aims of the test is to evaluate the production effectiveness of used crops, including their influence on the chemical composition of fish tissues and selected parameters of internal environment of fish bodies. The tested crop species were chosen based on the data on the influence of various crops on the phosphorus level reductions in fishponds. Because the plant food for carp represents the most expensive part of carp breeding, there is ongoing research for finding economically and nutritionally suitable food.
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Vliv zvolené strategie na efekt počátečního odchovu jesetera malého (Acipenser ruthenus) v kontrolovaných podmínkách
Dostál, Jan
The thesis summarizes findings from the field of initial rearing of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) that are currently available. The results of experimental rearing, which took place in 2014 and consisted of two parts, are included. In the first part, the impact of the exchange rate of the water in the tanks on change of hydrochemical parameters. For the experiment three variants in duplicate were prepared, with different flow rate for each one. The volume of water in the tanks was set to 100 liters and the number of fish was 150 fish/tank. Water change rate within the first variant was set for 1/3 of volume per hour, within the second variant for 1/3 of volume per hour and within the third variant for 3/3 of volume per hour. Each day was measured oxygen content, water temperature and pH, and samples for laboratory analysis were being taken. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance. No statistically significant difference has been found between monitored parameters, therefore these flow rates had no impact on the change of hydrochemical parameters for each variant. In the second part of the experiment was compared the effect of three different feed mixtures on growth parameters and development of fish. The same conditions of the rearing environment were maintained, but stocking density was reduced to 50 fish/gutter and a uniform water change rate of 3/3 volume per hour was set. The first variant was presented feed Aller Bronze 2 mm, the second variant Aller Silver 2 mm and the third variant Biomar Inicio 918 2 mm. At the beginning of the experiment, the fish reached an average piece weight of 29.00 g and FWC 0.44 within the first variant, 29.70 g and FWC 0.43 within the second variant and 29.31 g and FWC 0.41 within the third variant. At the end of the experiment the fish reached monitored parameters with following values: the first variant had the average piece weight of 37.99 g, FWC 0.41, SWGR 0.90 %.d-1, FCR 2.12 kg.kg-1 and PER 1,01; within the second variant, the average piece weight was 40.38 g, FWC 0.41, SWGR 1.02 %.d-1, FCR 1.82 kg.kg-1 and PER 1.18; within the third variant, the average piece weight was 43.51 g, FWC 0.40, SWGR 1.44 %.d-1, FCR 1.44 kg.kg-1 and PER 1.46.
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Testing of production efficiency during culturing of market size of North African catfish (\kur{Clarias gariepinus}) using specialized feeds with an substitute of fish meal in semioperational conditions of RAS
HOUDA, Ondřej
There was considered production efficiency of three kinds of feeds with a partial substitute of fish meal specified to intensive culturing of "catfishes" in North African catfish in semioperational conditions of RAS in present BSc. thesis. There were made use of feeds by the Dutch company Coppens (CATCO SELECT - 13EF, CATCO GROWER - 12EF) and feed by the Hungarian company Haltáp. The individual feeds differed particularly from the contents of fat and from the contents and the origin of a proteinous component. The temperature in the course of the whole experiment was 24.5 ? 0.95 °C (mean ? S.D.), pH was 7.2 ? 0.34 and the content of dissolved oxygen was 2.4 ? 0.34 mg ? 1 O2. The experiment was divided into three particular feeding periods 20 days at a time and it took 63 days in total. The size of optimal relative daily ration served to fish along the line of the experimental attempt made in the event of feed SELECT - 13EF 1.40 ? 0.29 % (mean ? S.D.), GROWER - 12EF 1.28 ? 0.21 % and Haltáp 1.94 ? 0.06 %. Next production parameters were followed in the course of own attempt: individual weight, stocking density of tank, specific growth rate (SGR), food conversation ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), gonadosomatic index (GSI), Fulton's coefficient of condition and utilisation rate. Average stocking density of fish in tank was 53.49 ? 0.36 kg ? m-3 at the start of the experiment and 168.75 ? 12.23 kg ? m-3 at the end. Average individual weight of fish at the beginning of the experiment was 269.64 ? 10 g and by the end 642.85 ? 55 g. In the course of testing it came to average increase in individual weight approximately 2.4 times. Resulting mortality along the line of the experimental period was on level 1.25 %. The hightest achieved SGR was discovered at the group feeded by feed SELECT - 13EF (1.58 ? 0.41 % ? d-1), the group feeded by feed Haltáp came after (1.38 ? 0.38 % ? d-1). The most favourable values FCR were achieved by use of feed SELECT - 13EF (0.83 ? 0.02), the group feeded by feed GROWER - 12EF (87 ? 0.01) followed, the worst result was achieved by use of feed Haltáp (1.37 ? 0.13). The most favourable values PER were achieved at fish feeded by feed SELECT - 13EF (2.89 ? 0.08), feed GROWER - 12EF (2.54 ? 0.04) followed and the worst results were found out by use of feed Haltáp (1.65 ? 0.14). GSI was growing on average five times higher values (2.65 ? 1.34) at females than at males (0.53 ? 0.26). The difference of achieved GSI depending on used feed was not found. Fulton's coefficient of condition acquired average value at females 1.09 ? 0.10 and at males 1.06 ? 0.07. Average value of utilisation rate acquired at females 39.96 ? 1.26 % and at males 40.46 ? 2.33 %. The lowest expense per weight gain (evaluated for increase of 1 kg) were noticed at feed Haltáp (41.33,- CZK), feed SELECT - 13EF (41.98,- CZK) came after and feed GROWER - 12EF proved to be (44.02,- CZK) the worst. The review of analyses of organoleptic qualities (consistence, smell, taste and aftertaste) and the preferential analyses did not show any significant, demonstrable influence of used feed on quality of gained flesh. Evaluators (35.77 % of respondents) labeled the sample of muscle of catfish feeded by feed Coppens CATCO SELECT - 13EF as the most delicious.
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