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Study of electric properties of thin films of perovskite precursors
Harna, Václav ; Pospíšil, Jan (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
High efficiency perovskite solar cells may be the solution to obtain cheap renewable solar energy. However, characteristics of crystalline perovskite materials suitable for solar cells are not yet all clearly understood. In this thesis was studied and optimized the preparation of perovskite methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) crystals using anti solvent vapor assisted crystallization (AVC). These crystals were prepared and studied in a small channel between two carbon electrodes on 3D printed substrate made from polylactic acid (PLA) connected to a larger electrode system were measuring took place. Electrical properties of prepared crystal structures were studied using current voltage characteristic and the process of crystallization was documented. Crystal prepared by AVC method achieved sizes larger than 0,5 mm, their electrical conductance increased with their size and the crystals were photo and thermal sensitive. During crystallization of MAPbBr3 precursors from solution was found that a certain structural change exhibiting an increase in electrical conductance takes place in the presence of MABr. The setup of PLA substrate and measuring electrode system creates great opportunities for study of other perovskite materials and may be able to uncover some of the mysteries that these fascinating materials hold.
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The study of preparation and catalytic activity of doped ABO3 perovskites for hydrogen synthesis
Dobeš, Jiří ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (referee) ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (advisor)
The Master´s thesis deals with the preparation of perovskite oxides by glycine synthesis with following characterization and analysis of catalytic activity. Especially is discussed crystallographic structure. In the theoretical part were first summarized the available information of the properties and usage of perovskite oxides. In the experimental part of the work was carried out the preparation of perovskite oxides and were made chemical analysis. Moreover a catalytic activity of selected perovskites has been studied and have been illustrated their crystal structure.
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Synthesis and Properties of Ceramic Photocatalytic Materials
Strejček, Josef ; Maca, Karel (referee) ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (advisor)
Two methods of synthesis of ceramic catalytic perovskite materials for fotochemical decomposition of water and partial oxidation of methane were studied. The method based on mechanochemical activation of oxide reactants followed high temperature solid state reaction made possible preparation of almost one phase perovskites of InVO4, InNbO4, InTaO4, EuVO4, EuNbO4 a EuTaO4. Pseudo sol-gel synthesis combined with high temperature solid state reaction lead to one phase perovskites or products with more than 90% of perovskites phase of the Sm-Ca-Co-Al-O type.
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Study of Perovskite Type Oxide Catalysts for Partial Oxidation of Methane
Cihlář, Jaroslav ; Hanykýř, Vladimír (referee) ; Čapek,, Libor (referee) ; Čičmanec,, Pavel (advisor)
Research was curried out on the perovskite systems with general formula A1-xA‘xB1-yB‘yO3± (where A=La, Sm, A´=Ca, B´=Al, B=Co,Fe,Mn and Cr). Perovskite oxides were sythesized by polymerisation methods and characterised by RTG analysis, BET method, SEM and EDX. TPD spectra and catalyst testing were measured in high temperature plug flow reactor and products were analysed by mass spectrometry. It was found, that metane oxidation at ratio O2/CH40,5 depended on the temperature. Total oxidation proceeded at the temperature betwen 300-700oC to the carbon dioxide and water, while the partial oxidation of metane (POM) occured at above 700oC to the hydrogen and carbon oxid (syngas). This was ascribed by equilibrium of O2 betwen gas phase and solid perovskite. There was used 12 perovskite systems, which catalysed methane oxidation by the same way. Dry reforming of methane run above temperature 700oC. Cobaltite and ferite type perovskites were found as the most active catalytic systems. On the base of obtained results the Mars van Krevelen mechanism was established for explanation of oxidation and reformation of methane by perovskite systems. It was showed, that POM was running by two steps mechanism. Products of total oxidation was occured in the first step, which were passed over to the syngas (H2+CO) in the second step.
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Study of the synthesis and structure of ceramic perovskite materials for energy applications
Strejček, Josef ; Bartoníčková, Eva (referee) ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (advisor)
Method, so called “glycin- nitrate process”, combined with high temperature solid state reaction, of preparation multi- component ceramic perovskite materials was studied. Two types of perovskite systems were prepared by this method. Firs one, based on LaNiO3 doped by calcium and aluminium and second one, based on SmFeO3 doped by calcium and nickel or cobalt. This method made possible preparation of one phase perovskite or perovskites with few percent of nickel in form of oxide. In systems containing both nickel and calcium another phases rich in calcium and nickel appeared.
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Catalytic behaviour of ceramic catalytic materials
Schlosser, Radek ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (referee) ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (advisor)
In this bachelor’s thesis the methods of preparation of ceramic perovskite-like membranes for heterogenous catalysis and reformation reactions of carbohydrates were studied. The syntetic La-Ca-Fe-Ti-O type and commercial La-Ca-Fe-Co-O type powders were used. The properties such as phase purity, specific surface area and morphology of used powders were determined. Technology of processing included powder uniaxial pressing, membrane sintering and polishing their surface. Conditions for uniaxial pressing were optimized. The dependence of grain size and amount of titanium was determined.
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Preparation of low-dimensional inorganic perovskites
Nedvěd, Matěj ; Dvořák, Petr (referee) ; Musálek, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the perovskite CsPbBr3. The thesis presents properties and different ways of preparing nanostructures of this inorganic perovskite. The emphasis is placed on physical vapor deposition using effusion cells. The experiments carried out to prepare nanocrystals and nanowires and the subsequent analysis of their morphology, composition and optical properties are described. The effect of the electron beam and long-term exposure to air on the optical properties is studied. Also, the concept of an experiment that should result in the replacement of lead in the perovskite structure by tin is presented.
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Perovskite single crystals for the detection of electromagnetic radiation
Gavranović, Stevan ; Novák, Vítězslav (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jan (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the study of the detection of electromagnetic radiation using monocrystalline perovskites. Theoretical part deals with basic principles of detections and possible applications of hybrid perovskite crystals in the field of ultraviolet and visible spectrum detection. Parameters of the recently published perovskite photodetectors are also presented. Experimental part describes synthesis, structural and optical properties of MAPbBr3 single crystals and electrical characterization of the Au/MAPbBr3/Au photodetector. Photodetector parameters (responsivity, external quantum efficiency and specific detectivity) are calculated based on the spectral and switching (on/off) current responses.
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Study of the dielectric properties of perovskite crystals
Mlčkovová, Hana ; Pospíšil, Jan (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the preparation of perovskite single crystals by inverse thermal crystallization and subsequent study of the basic properties of these hybrid organic-inorganic materials that can be used in various optoelectronic (photodetectors, transistors, lasers, LEDs) or photovoltaic applications. Their behavior in the electric field was studied by impedance spectroscopy. Impedance and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics (frequency dependences) were measured in the dark and in the light. From the impedance dependences for measurements at 0 V voltage in the dark, the equivalent circuit was modeled and its parameters and dielectric constant were determined. From the C-V dependence, Mott-Schottky analysis determined the parameters – "flat-band" potential U_"fb" and charge carrier density N_"C-V" , the parameter – the so-called Warburg coefficient was found, which together with the parameter N_"C-V" was used to calculate the diffusion coefficient D.
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Optical characterization of perovskite nanostructures
Urban, Jakub ; Kvapil, Michal (referee) ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor)
The present bachelor's thesis focuses on the optical characterization of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals ranking among the group of materials called perovskites which are remarkable for their high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield. An algorithm for a correlation of experimental data measured by PL mapping with morphological and topological properties obtained by using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy has been developed which clears the way for a particular crystal detection and their spectrum analysis. Specifically, crystals the shape of which can be approximated by a cuboid have been detected and the volume dependence of the centre of mass of their PL, which is proportional to V^(-2/3) as predicted by the theorethical model, has been discovered. The measurement of PL dependency on temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C has also been conducted and in this temperature interval linear dependence of the full width at half maximum of their PL spectral line that rises with rising temperature has been confirmed. On the contrary, the centre of mass of PL has been found to be temperature independent.
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