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Needs of patients and carers in palliative care
Oktábcová, Marie ; Mádlová, Ivana (advisor) ; Javůrková, Alena (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the needs of patients and caregivers in palliative care. The theoretical part defines the concept of palliative care, the forms of its provision and the specifics of the work of a nurse in palliative care. A separate chapter is devoted to needs and their evaluation. The aim of the work is to use a standardized questionnaire IPOS (Integrate Palliative Outcome Scale) to find out what are the differences in perceptions of needs between patients and their caring family members, as well as between patients and caring professionals - general nurses. It was found that the needs of patients are assessed by their caregivers differently from patients themselves. The biggest discrepancy between the assessment of patient's needs and caring family members were on the area of physical needs, specifically in the question of pain or dryness in the mouth. The biggest discrepancy between the evaluation of patients and nurses was in the psychological needs, in particular the level of depression. Professionals have evaluated the palliative patient needs better than caring family members. However, none of the nurses and families answers to the standardized questionnaire were 100% in agreement with patient responses. Use of a measuring tool to assess the needs of patients in the palliative...
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The changing needs of women during pregnancy
VAŇKOVÁ, Támar
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of changing needs during pregnancy. It is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes pregnancy and the impact it has on a woman's needs. The thesis delves into different aspects of needs according to 11 functional health patterns by Marjory Gordon. The goal of the practical part was to find out how pregnant women deal with the changes to their needs. Two research questions were posed, the first: Which of the needs do the women feel is the most difficult to fulfill?, and the second: Who do the women most frequently turn to when it comes to issues about fulfilling their needs? Data was obtained through qualitative research which took place in March 2022. The research was carried out through semistructured in-depth interviews. Ten pregnant women took part in the research. Their age range was 25-37. For women F3, F4, F5, F7, F8 it was their first pregnancy. For women F1 and F2 it was their second pregnancy, and for women F6, F9, F10 it was their third time being pregnant. The interviews were recorded using a mobile phone and consequently transcribed using a pen and paper method. The research shows that the needs women find the most difficult to fulfill were the need for rest and sexual need. F2, F5, and F7 had problem with excretion. For F7 it was difficult to realize that she was more irritable during pregnancy. For F4 and F6 it was difficult to deal with the changes in needs during pregnancy because they affected the women's relationships with the outside world. The research further shows that the women most often used the internet to search for information. Apart from that, in case of problems F3, F4, F8 a F9 would turn to their family and friends. Another source was literature and the woman's occupation - F7 is a midwife. The women also sought information with their gynecologists, and lastly they would use their own knowledge from previous pregnancies. F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F8, F9 and F10 accepted the changes to their needs. The women expected the changes, viewed them as natural and as a part of pregnancy. However, F7 could not accept the fact that pregnancy affected her behavior and made her more irritable. She consulted this change with her psychotherapist. Other ways of dealing with the changing needs were to look for information about pregnancy and to share the changes with loved ones or professionals (a psychotherapist, gynecologist, midwife). The women also took measures which helped them deal with certain needs. For example, due to constipation F2 increased her fiber intake and drank more water. The benefit of this thesis is the possibility of presenting the acquired data at seminars for midwives.
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Palliative care in pre-hospital emergency care
DOBOŠ, Štěpán
This bachelor thesis is concerned with the topic of palliative care in the context of paramedic services. The basic feature of palliative care is the amelioration of care for patients whose curative treatment has been replaced by palliative treatment. The topic is actual because today paramedics visit palliative patients more often. The main goal of the thesis is to learn how paramedics discern the needs of palliative patients. In the thesis, paramedics' knowledge about possibilities of delivering palliative care is researched, as well as their psychical readiness for visits of palliative patients. Research questions are: "What needs of palliative patients employees of paramedic services discern?", "What possibilities of delivering palliative care these employees know?", "How do employees of paramedic services feel about their psychical readiness for visits of palliative patients?" The thesis contains theoretical and empirical parts. The theoretical one defines palliative care and differentiate among palliative patients' needs, and among kinds of delivering palliative care. It analyses possibilities of palliative care delivering in the South Bohemian Region and questions of the confrontation of paramedic services with palliative medicine. The empirical part provides a qualitive research analysis that uses semi-structured interviews with chosen paramedics. Answers to the research questions result from experience of paramedics with the chosen topic and reflect their views on it. Palliative care is perceived as a difficult subject by them that better needs to be dealt with. In light of the confrontation with scholarly literature about the phenomenon of palliative care, chosen paramedics have good knowledge of possibilities of delivering palliative care, as well as of palliative patients' needs. In addition, they declare that they are psychically ready for visits of these patients, yet some more demanding visits happen in the case of infant and younger patients.
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Life of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis
ŠÍMOVÁ, Markéta
The bachelor thesis deals with the life of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part presents anatomy and physiology of the spine, ankylosing spondylitis, its diagnosis and therapy. Furthermore, attention was paid to nursing care, communication and needs in everyday life of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis was conducted through a qualitative research investigation, using the method of questioning, the technique of individual semi-structured interview. The study sample consisted of 7 patients with ankylosing spondylitis in a healthcare facility. Three objectives were chosen for the bachelor thesis. The first aim was to find out in which areas of normal daily activities ankylosing spondylitis affects the patient. The second aim was to investigate the role of the patient's family in the integration of the patient into normal daily activities. The third aim was to explore patients' perceptions of nurses' support in relation to their illness. In line with the objectives, research questions were set. Based on the results, it was found that patients with AS manage normal daily activities independently or with only minor assistance. Patients use compensatory aids to help them cope better with everyday activities. Treatment has a big impact on the patient's life, even though they use spa treatments and exercise daily. The research also showed that the support of family and friends plays a big role in the patient's life. Patients require more information from the nurse in collaboration with the doctor about treatment options, compensatory aids, exercise and social support.
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Problematic of nursing care for the covid of a positive patient
MARKOVÁ, Monika
The Bachelor thesis deals with the problematic of nursing care for the covid positive pacient. Covid-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease transferred from human-to-human by airborne droplets with SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The first symptoms may appear as a common cold in the form of coughs and runny nose. In case of dyspnea and difficulty with breathing, hospitalization is necessary. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to map the problems in the care of a covid-19 positive patient. The practical part was processed using qualitative research. The research group consisted of seven nurses who care for the covid-19 positive patients. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview. Questions were created for the nurses with focus on the chalanges that the nurses perceived in the area of biological, psychological and social needs of covid positive patients. Based on the conducted interviews and the collected data, the results were processed by open coding into seven categories. The results of the research survey found that the biggest obstacle in the care of a Covid positive patient is the lack of communication between staff and patients in the area of psychological needs. In the area of social needs, the need for social contact between positive patients and their loved ones and the complete lack of it is the biggest problem. Nursing care itself is very specific. Strict principles of barrier nursing care must be followed in covid-positive patient environment. According to the research results, in the area of biological needs, the respiratory care and the patient's airway care are the most crucial. According to the informants, it is possible to use positioning, where the patient changes his position at regular intervals and consequently relieves himself from shortness of breath. Based on these results is created seminar material for medical staff caring for patients with covid-19. The seminar is focused on caring for the needs of covid positive patinents.
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Issues of care for a morbidly obese patient in standard beds and intensive care units.
KRÁL, Dominik
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of care for a morbidly obese patient in standard units and intensive care units. The work is focused on how nurses in standard units and intensive care units care for a morbidly obese patient. The theoretical part consists of the characteristics of obesity, examination methods, treatment, the possibilities of prevention of obesity and selected aspects in the care for a morbidly obese patient in standard units and in the intensive care unit. The research part focuses on the obstacles which nurses perceive in providing care for a morbidly obese patient and on how nurses care for the hygiene, skin, nutrition, excretion and mental needs of a morbidly obese patient. The aim of the thesis is to map the issue of nursing care for a morbidly obese patient. This part was processed in the form of qualitative research survey using semi-structured interviews. Five nurses from the standard ward and four nurses from the intensive care units took part in the interviews. After obtaining the necessary information, it was processed in the form of open coding and the creation of six categories. The results show that the complexity of care is determined by patient's mobility, state of health and his cooperation. Other obstacles are his proportions, lack of staff and the need for more time for overall care. For healthcare professionals, care is more physically demanding when handling the patient during hygiene, after excretion and during positioning. The nurses regularly monitor the skin. They consult patient's nutrition with a dietitian. They use interview with the patient to identify his mental needs. Based on the findings, a brochure for nurses was created, which focuses on the most common problems in the care for obese patients, which nurses may encounter in their practice.
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Leisure activities as a space to meet the needs of seniors in a residential facility
BLAŽKOVÁ, Jana
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to find out and describe which needs of seniors can be met through leisure activities in a residential facility and under which conditions. The bachelor thesis deals with the process of aging and old age and the changes associated with it and adaptation to old age. It also describes the needs, of which saturation is significant in senior age, beacuse it affects the quality of life of seniors. The following chapter deals with the specifics of leisure time in old age. Furthermore, the bachelor thesis focuses on a home for the elderly and the adaptation of the senior to a new place after moving to a home for the elderly. Last but not least, the thesis talks about activating activities in a home for the elderly. The types of activating activities and the needs that can be met during these activities are described here. Another essential part of the bachelor's thesis is the content of work of the activation worker. The theoretical work will be illustrated by examples from a particular facility for the elderly.
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Principles of humanism and holism in nursing care of patients with autism spectrum disorder
VLKOVÁ, Blanka
This bachelor thesis focuses on analyzing the problematic situations in nursing process from the point of view of nursing staff taking care of the ASD patients, on mapping the ASD patients´ specific needs and on mapping the care provided to ASD patients from the point of view of nurses. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one consists of the theoretical introduction and of the outline of the contemporary state of research concerning the topic of taking care of ASD patients. The empirical part is based on qualitative-quantitative research and it is divided into several parts. The first part of the research focused on acquiring data from persons taking care of people with ASD. There was chosen a quantitative form of research while using the method of semi-structured interview. Nine respondents participated in this part, the choosing process of respondents was controlled. The second part of the research focused on confirming or disproving the statements from the first part of the research and on confirming or disproving the stated hypotheses. The means of quantitative research was chosen while using non-standardized questionnaire created by the author. The questionnaires were distributed in printed and electronic forms regarding the epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic. There were 212 participants. The main result of the first part of the research is a list of problematic situations which affect the ASD patients and the process of providing the nursing care. There were identified specific and individual needs of ASD patients including the need of sleep, nutrition, affiliation, of organization, of sensorial perception and knowledge and also the need of self-sustainability in every-day activities. The result of the qualitative part shows which ways are available for nursing staff in the process of communication with ASD patients and which means they use during the nursing process. There was mapped the difficulty of satisfying the needs from the point of view of the nursing staff and its interest in the topic. While testing the stated hypothesis, only the hypothesis nr. 3 was confirmed - the ASD patients require more individualized care than intact patients. Hypothesis nr. 1 - nurses use more verbal than non-verbal means while communicating with ASD patients - and hypothesis nr. 2 - the satisfaction of psychological needs is for ASD patients more difficult than satisfaction of biological needs - were not confirmed.
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Nursing care from the perspective of a physically disadvantaged patient.
HOMOLKOVÁ, Eliška
The main goal of the research was to analyze the subjective view of patients with physical disabilities on the care provided in the inpatient and outpatient spheres of medical facilities. The research part of the bachelor thesis is focused on the perception of care provided to physically disadvantaged patients and it is processed using a qualitative and quantitative method. The first part focuses on a qualitative research survey and basic data on informants, the type of physical disability and experience with the outpatient and inpatient sphere. In this section, we also mapped the positives and negatives of the environment, communication and attitudes of nurses from the perspective of patients with physical disabilities and technical innovations that they would welcome in nursing practice. The second part of the research survey was processed by a quantitative method using a survey as a data collection technique. In this part, we verified the established hypotheses and the results of the qualitative part of the research survey. The research group consisted of 10 informants and 61 respondents from the ranks of people with physical disabilities, specifically with paraplegia present. The qualitative research survey took place in the period from November to December 2020, and after theoretical saturation, the individual interviews were analyzed, coded and categorized. The quantitative research survey took place in the period of March and April 2021, and after the end of data collection, a frequency and descriptive analysis was performed. A graphical representation was created for each of the evaluated areas. The results of our study point to a higher level of satisfaction with the outpatient sector, which is also preferred when choosing treatment options, dispensaries, etc. disadvantaged patients that they would require in the outpatient setting. Due to the elaboration of individual positives and negatives, we recommend the use of outpatient treatment or the transition to community nursing if this option is available.
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Visual disorder by geriatric patients as a nursing problem
BUMBOVÁ, Štěpánka
Due to aging, the incidence of chronic degenerative eye diseases increases. The most common visual diseases include cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Visual impairment reduces the patient's quality of life and therefore requires a special approach by nursing staff. A hospital stay can be one of the most difficult situations for such a patient, because he suddenly finds himself in a foreign environment. Being aware of everyday problems and needs, and the principles of communication is a beneficial element in providing quality nursing care. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to map the specifics of the approach to geriatric patients with visual impairment in nursing care. The empirical part was processed using a qualitative research survey, which was conducted in the form of a semi-structured interview. The research sample consisted of 10 informants older than 60 years suffering from various visual disorders. The obtained results showed that all informants were able to come to terms with the visual impairment and learn to live with it. Most informants underwent visual surgery and their visual impairment was much reduced, but some informants became more difficult after the operation. Certain requirements were directed mainly at the specifics of communication. Informants reported slight shortcomings in the verbal and nonverbal communication of nursing staff. A positive finding was that the informants consider the quality of the provided nursing services and information to be equivalent to that of persons without visual illness and evaluated the provided care as generally positive. The work provides a comprehensive view of the issue of visual disorders in geriatric age. The results can serve nurses in practice, but also students of medical and non-medical medical disciplines in preparation for future professions. Based on the obtained materials, an information brochure on cataracts and glaucoma was also created.
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