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Utilization of recycled brick waste for growing the agricultural plants
Šmírová, Barbora ; Másilko, Jiří (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
The master thesis follows up on previous bachelor thesis, which dealt with the sorption capacity of brick recyclate. Brick recyclate, as same as brick, excel with very high porosity. For this reason this work deals with possible implementation of plant growth aids (fertilizers) on the inside surface of such highly porous material This thesis studies possibilities of preparation of brick recyclate with the content of components supporting plant growth. It is a material, that is able to bind water in the soil and nourish cultivated plants at the same time. Aim of the work is to find out, what maximum amount of supporting substances, that later will be released back into surrounding enviroment (soil), is possible to incorporate into the brick recyclate. Such prepared recyclate was added in different amounts into predefined substrates, where plants were grown. Subsequently, the growth course, germination and yields of selected crops were monitored. It was verified that the material based on recycled brick enriched with nutrients improves the distribution of nutrients in the soil and positively affects the germination, growth and yields of tested crops.
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Determination of nitrate in root vegetables
Fiala, Petr ; Štursa, Václav (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the study of nitrates occuring in different species of root vegetables. The aim is to compare the amount of nitrates in common type of vegetables to bio vegetables. The theoretical part of the Bachelor thesis is devoted to root vegetable in general and also to nitrates and their influence to human health and nature. Fertilizers and organic agriculture are also mentioned. The last chapter focuses on the analytical method. The measurrement is carried out by the ion chromatography and the outcome of nitrate concentrations in both types of vegetables is compared and discussed. The results point out higher concentration of nitrates in bio-quality vegetables.
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Recycling of phosphorus from waste water
Szotkowski, Matěj ; Bojanovský, Jiří (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
The focus of this thesis is to create an overview of methods that are used to recycle phosphorus from waste products, primarily from wastewater. The first section of the thesis is dedicated to problems stemming from the limitations of phosphorus resources, their usage and legislative background of phosphorus recycling. Next the physicochemical and biological methods of phosphorus recycling from wastewater and products of its further processing in WWTP are addressed. This part of the thesis contains description of phosphorus recycling methods, their final products and implemented technologies. Brief review regarding the recycling of phosphorus from other waste products including the description of implemented methods follows. In the subsequent part the economic analysis of a chosen phosphorus recycling method (PASCH) is conducted. In the analysis the legislation, processing plant and individual expenditures connected with the method are described. Findings obtained and gathered during the process of the thesis creation are discussed and summarized in the conclusion.
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Vyhodnocení finančních nákladů na ochranu rostlin v konvenčním a ekologickém zemědělství
Stoklasová, Jitka
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the annual financial cost of purchasing chemical sprays and fertilizers for a 1,048 ha agricultural cooperative and to compare the benefits of conventional farming with organic farming. In the theoretical section a general characterization of pesticides and fertilizers is given. The most commonly used sprays and fertilisers in agriculture are also characterised. The chosen objective was addressed by means of an economic evaluation of the financial costs of all chemical products applied to crops during one marketing year. Specifically, a comparison of organic and conventional farming profits was made on crops located on both farms, namely winter wheat and spring barley. By comparing their yields, chemical prices, commodity purchase prices and subsequently profits and costs.
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Research on the release of nitrogen compounds from fertilizers
Cápková, Viola ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the monitoring of the release kinetics of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate ions from slow release fertilizers covered in potassium polyacrylate. Fertilizer samples were subjected to different extraction reagents and experimental conditions. The effect of dynamic and pressure conditions in comparison to the static conditions was investigated, same as exposion to distilled, drinking and atmospheric water. The change in concentration of each analyte was measured at regular intervals using molecular spectrophotometry. Distilled water was found to be the best extraction reagent, with no significant difference between the experimental conditions. Slow release of nutrients was proved for two fertilizer samples, the urea fertilizer and it’s modified form.
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Vliv vybraných základních hnojiv na tvorbu kořenového systému okrasných dřevin
Krejčí, Jana
The aim of the thesis was to design an experiment to test the plants Caryopteris cladonensis ,Worcester Gold'. On the basis of this experiment should be carried out assessment of the basic types of fertilizers and their effect on the root system of experimental plants. The Experiment was carried out on 800 pieces of experimental plants, which were divided into four variants, and each variant consisted of four repetitions, so that was captured and the possible influence of the location of the plant. On the experimental plants were observed morphological parameters: the height of the plants, the number of shoots, number of sheets, the volume root, root collar diameter and Visual evaluation of the experimental plant. Evaluation of the results of the experiment on the root system of trees shows that between the versions there is a big difference and at the same time 62 you can assess that all the variants are very suitable for container growing method of experimental plants.
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Možnosti využití hnojení při zalesňování nelesních půd v PLO 31 Českomoravské mezihoří
Dujka, Petr
An afforestation of agricultural lands in the Czech Republic has a long tradition. In the future, a few thousands of hectares of agricultural lands is considered to be afforested. The aim of this thesis is to research possibilities of fertilisation usage in process of agricultural lands afforestation within Natural forest area (NFA) 31 Českomoravské mezihoří. The research part of the thesis contains results of soil and nutrition analyses applied in Letovice-Kochov research area. The main goal of analyses was to find the impact of fertilisation on chemical soil characteristics, on nutrition of Norway spruce's needles (Picea abies (L.) Karsten), on the development of morphological quantity, and on the health of specimen. All of the characteristics are assessed in the context of climate in 2016. The positive effects of fertilisers were researched despite a low-humid year. The best effects were spotted at fertiliser SilvamixR30. To the results, SilvamixR30 fertilizer could be used in praxis, especially for agricultural lands afforested in named NFA.
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Assessing short rotation coppice poplar biomass and its determinants on former arable land in Czech Republic
Tripathi, Abhishek Mani
Forest coppice biomass, fast growing short rotation coppice (SRC) trees such as willows (Salix) and poplar (Populus) have a substantial potential of storing carbon (C), and has been considered as a sustainable source of woody dry mass. Woody dry mass production, energy efficiency and economic profitability of poplar are important and essential to be studied in Czech Republic. The aim of this PhD thesis was to predict standing woody dry mass, maximize the productivity and quantify the determinants of poplar clone J-105 (Populus nigra × P. maximowiczii) under short rotation coppice (SRC) management on former arable in Czech Republic. This PhD study was carried out in Domanínek, Czech Republic (49°31´N, 16°14´E and 530 m a.s.l.). Plantations were established in high density (9,216 trees ha-1) with single stem hardwood cuttings for verification purposes and to test the performance of poplar clone J-105 on former arable land. The plantations were harvested above 15-20 cm from base in winter 2008/2009 (established in April 2001) and 2009/2010 (established in April 2002). In this thesis, short rotation woody coppice (SRWC) plantations are mentioned as SRWC1 (coppice established in 2009) and SRWC2 (coppice established in 2010), respectively. In spring 2009, SRWC1 was divided into four randomized blocks and treated with three different fertilizers such as minerals [Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)], sewage sludge and ash, lime and control (without any treatment of fertilizer). In the plantation SRWC2, no further (at beginning of second rotation-coppice) fertilizer treatment was applied. For the prediction of standing aboveground woody dry mass (AGWDM) in fertilizer treatments and control, allometric equations were developed. The allometric equations thus developed may be considered robust and site specific for poplar clone J-105. After the successful development of allometric equations standing annual AGWDM was estimated followed by annual inventory at the end of each growing season. There were no significant differences observed in allometric equations for AGWDM among the fertilizer treatments (including control) within the year over four years of study from 2011-2014. This experiment was repeated in plantation SRWC2, for which the allometric equation was developed separately, for the purpose of allocation of the aboveground and belowground woody dry mass (BGWDM) at the same site. In this plantation for estimation of AGWDM, allometric equation was developed in 2011 (after two years of plant growth in coppice) and for BGWDM, the equation was developed in 2014 (after more than four years of plant growth in coppice). In SRWC2 plantation, dynamics of annual and cumulative above and belowground woody dry mass were estimated over four years from 2011-2014, where average AGWDM were observed from 8.29 to 11.02 t ha-1 year-1 and average annual BGWDM varied between 2.50 to 3.02 t ha-1 year-1. Growth and wood production mainly depend on photosynthetic area and light efficiency. Therefore, leaf area development including leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) was studied to find a suitable determinant for aboveground woody dry mass production. In the results, maximum leaf area index LAImax was observed to be 9.5 after four years of plant growth in coppice, maximum number of LAD was 185 days after two years of plant growth in coppice and maximum RUE was observed to be 1.3 gMJ-1 in GS4 (growing season four) after four years of plant growth in coppice. LAI and LAD showed a strong positive correlation for AGWDM (R2 values ~1) while RUE showed a moderate positive correlation with AGWDM, where R2=0.50 (p=0.52). This implies that AGWDM is strongly dependent on LAI and LAD. To conclude a robust and site specific allometric equation was developed for poplar clone J-105 and also, this study confirmed that, there was no significant impact of fertilizers for maximizing the AGWDM production on former arable land. For determinants of AGWDM, it confirmed that LAI, LAD and RUE could be a good and reliable predictor of standing AGWDM in SRC poplar clone J-105 on former arable land.
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Studium bílkovinného komplexu zrna pšenice a ječmene po aplikaci dusíku a síry
Popelková, Barbora
The thesis objective was to check out the effect of nitrogen fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers with sulphur in nutrition of spring barley (variety Bojos) and winter wheat (variety Mulan). The quality of protein complex was determined on grain samples by the HPLC method. The application of sulphur showed also in the fractional composition of the proteinous complex. The wheat grain without applied sulphur fertilizers had significantly higher percentage proportion of ?-gliadins, albumins and globulins compared to the variants treated this way. It was at the expense of gluten proteins. The greatest fertilization effect was proved after application of Yara Vita Thiotrac in late vegetation period. The proportion of barley´s LMW glutelins, D-hordeins, albumins and globulins has demonstrably increased in the variants with applied sulphur. The changes of fractional protein composition caused by degradation of high-molecular compounds during malting and mashing were confirmed.
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