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Analysis of marriage rate, divorce rate and live births outside marriage
Birčáková, Barbora ; Arltová, Markéta (advisor) ; Löster, Tomáš (referee)
The main goal of the thesis is to analyze the basic indicators of marriage rate, divorce rate and the proportion of live births outside marriage. The first part is focused on the evaluation of the past and present development of the selected indicators. The thesis also includes a prediction of the future development of these indicators by using the Box-Jenkins methodology. The last part is dedicated to an international comparison of marriage, divorce and non-marital fertility indicators in the selected countries of the European Union. Moreover, the last part also includes a cluster analysis, where countries are divided into homogeneous groups according to the selected indicators.
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Cluster analysis as a tool for classification of objects
Budilová, Šárka ; Löster, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šulc, Zdeněk (referee)
Cluster analysis is a popular method of multivariate statistics. Based on mutual similarities between objects this method is able to classify and divide objects into several groups or clusters. The results of the clustering can be different by using different methods, measures of distance and procedures. The main aim of this thesis is to compare the results of several methods of cluster analysis with the known classification of classes from the original data file. In total, there are 15 data files, which were analyzed and each of them contained known information about the right allocation of objects in groups. The success of clustering of each method was calculated by comparing the known classification of classes and resulted clusters. In addition to the comparison of individual methods of cluster analysis was compared the impact of standardization and correlation to the success of each method. To reflect the distance betweeen the objects within each clusters, squared Euclidean distance was used. The results of this thesis point out that better success of clustering were achieved in the case of correlated variables in data file. The succes of clustering was higher about 2 percent points than in the case when correlated variables were deleted from data set. The methods divided 69,8 % objects before standardization and 70,8 % objects after standardization. The results also show a large importance of standardization in the case of Ward´s method. After standardization this method rank the most objects into correct classification classes and were more succesful, about nine percent points. In the case of correlated variables is the succes of the method 76,4 %. Standardization positively influences also centroid method and the method of farthest neighbour. Median method, nearest neighbour method and the method of average linkage achieve higher success of clustering in the case of original, nonstandardized variables (uneven variables).
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The statistical capturing of taxes
Kleinová, Nikola ; Sixta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vltavská, Kristýna (referee)
Nowadays taxes are the most important tax income of the state budget and at the same time they affect the standard of living of the population in various ways. Although the countries try to harmonize tax systems, there are still considerable differences between them. The aim of the thesis is to capture taxes in the Czech Republic from the point of view of statistics and then perform the comparison within the countries of the European Union. The thesis contains a brief characterization of the national accounts and the classification of the taxes in the national accounts according to the ESA 2010. It further deals with the description of the Czech tax system, including a definition of the individual taxes. The subsequent section captures the tax burden expressed by tax quota and the rest of the thesis is devoted to the cluster analysis, which is then applied to the data from the annual national accounts. Using cluster analysis, EU countries have been divided into groups according to similarities and differences in tax systems and in particular on the basis of the tax quota.
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Woman on The Labour Market in the Situation of the Mother
Matějková, Zdenka ; Bartošová, Jitka (advisor) ; Bína, Vladislav (referee)
The target of this diploma thesis is to analyze the situation of Czech mother on the labour market. The theoretical part will be created from the accessible literary resources and public databases. By providing databases made into tables and charts of the most problematical influences which affect the situation of a woman on the Czech labour market. The practical part presents methodology of the diploma thesis. Then the typology of family policy in the chosen European countries is tested by means of cluster analysis. This section represents very important research part because the national family policy acts upon womans possibilities how to bring family and career into balance after finishing maternity and parental leave. Subsequently the questionairre Woman in the situation of mother on the labour market is spread into all regions of the Czech Republic and afterwards evaluated. On top of that that five hypothesis with different factors as a womans current income, education level and number of her children will be tested to deepen the issue of women chance on the Czech labour market.
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The use of cluster analysis to evaluation half-year measurement campaign of gaseous elemental mercury from atmospheric station Křešín u Pacova
Veselik, P. ; Dvorská, Alice
This paper deals with evaluation of gaseous elemental mercury in the air from Atmospheric Station Křešín u Pacova. The measurements were conducted with two identical instruments positioned right next to each other in one ground-based container in a 10 min time step, between December 2012 and June 2013. This measurement campaign was aggregated into approximately weekly intervals. The aim of this paper is to show the use of cluster analysis for finding those time periods which correspond the most according to appropriately selected criteria. Classification was performed by using cluster analysis of regression coefficients obtained by modelling weekly measurements by the second device on the measurements from the first device. Results of this analysis indicate the existence of five periods in which the regression lines show certain similarities. Further attention is paid to their analysis.
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Typology of EU member states' tax systems with an emphasis on Slovakia
Štefanský, Martin ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Kostohryz, Jiří (referee)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to create distinctive groups of member states of the European union in terms of their tax systems based on cluster analysis computed in the XLSTAT program on data from the annual report of the European Statistical Office (Eurostat). Partial aim´s task is to assign certain characteristics that best describe such defined groups of states. The theoretical part deals with the definition of the terms tax system, tax mix and tax quota, along with the factors that affect or distort these indicators. The practical part contains the general characteristics of the method of cluster analysis, with an emphasis on the k-means clustering method, which was applied in the analysis. The last chapter contains an author´s description of created clusters that are the outcome of our analysis in the XLSTAT program.
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Czech Republic and the adoption of euro on the background of macroeconomic imbalances
Caletka, Petr ; Bič, Josef (advisor) ; Žamberský, Pavel (referee)
This work is aimed to determine whether the Czech Republic is ready to enter to the third stage of European economic and monetary union which is associated with the adoption of the euro, and that regarding the fulfillment of the formal entry criteria and also in terms of alignment of the Czech economy with the rest of the eurozone. On that basis evaluate whether it is advantageous for the country to adopt the euro. The first part introduces the different stages of regional integration, as well as the theory of optimum currency areas and economic governance in the European Union. The second chapter is devoted to evaluate the readiness of the Czech Republic to join the euro zone from three perspectives. First, fulfillment of nominal convergence criteria is evaluated. Real convergence and macroeconomic imbalances within the euro area are assessed using cluster analysis. The second approach is to analyze whether EMU constitute an optimal currency area. At the end the experience, of three countries of the eastern enlargement, with changeover to a common currency are presented.
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Analysis of the similarity of the human development index values between European states
Šafaříková, Kristýna ; Malá, Ivana (advisor) ; Šulc, Zdeněk (referee)
Main goal of this thesis is to analyze human development index for European countries and provide cluster analysis not only of human development index but even of another quality of life variables and to find similarities between particular countries by using hierarchical methods. The first part focuses on quality of life and definition of human development index. Human development index is one possibility how to measure quality of life, there are mentioned another possibilities, though how to analyze it. The second part of the thesis focuses on cluster analysis definition, which is used for searching for similarities between particular countries. Five hierarchical cluster methods is used for classify countries into clusters. Euclidean metric is used for express the distance between countries. Similar variables between countries is judged according to sorting into clusters by hierarchical methods. Diploma thesis enlightens similarity between European countries from quality of life overview and provides statistical evidence about this topic. Results of the thesis confirms similarities between geographical close states.
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The Analysis of Security and Anonymity in Cryptocurrency Payments
Maňák, Michal ; Šebesta, Michal (advisor) ; Bruckner, Tomáš (referee)
Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies are getting into common usage more and more frequently. Unfortunately this spread is connected with attempts to misuse their principles for personal benefit. The goal of this thesis is to explain the main principles of using bitcoin in relation to the internet identity. This connection is represented by two sources in the thesis: the first is a bitcoin blockchain, the second is the sum of various user profiles used in discussion forums and similar websites. The aim is to create and explain the process how to, by using the combination of this two sources, reveal the identity of a human using cryptocurrencies for payment (from a private person point of view). First, methods used for extraction of correct and useful data from the blockchain and internet profiles must be developed to be able to mine data from the joint database, merging into a full user profile containing personal data. Results of this investigation are extended by the rules of preserving anonymity on the internet, containing both technological and behavioural measures avoiding a share of personal data. The end of this thesis explains possible attack vectors that might be used for compromising cryptocurrencies. The methods of searching of the internet identity are a useful tool for facing these attacks.
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