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A Case study of Physiotherapy on a Patient after Liver Transplantation
Hettiaratchi, Lukas ; Kučerová, Ilona (advisor) ; Sárazová, Daniela (referee)
Title: A Case Study of Physiotherapy on a Patient after Liver Transplantation Author: Lukas Hettiaratchi Objectives: The purpose of this work is to review in-depth theory concerning liver transplantations along with the rehabilitation process that entails it. Moreover, create an adequate case study of a patient after liver transplantation. Methods: This work is divided into two sections, the theoretical part, and the special part. The first part consists of information gathered through scientific literature, it includes the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the liver. Furthermore, it dives into the specifics of liver transplantations and recommended physiotherapy. The second section exhibits a complete case study of early post-operative physiotherapy on a patient after liver transplantation. The case study was conducted during a month of clinical practice at Institut Klinické a Experimentální Medicíny (IKEM) from the 10/01/2022 - 04/02/2022. Results: The patient significantly progressed throughout the physiotherapeutic care. Their overall physical condition improved, that led to the ability of independent verticalization and gait. Keywords: Liver, transplantation, alcohol liver disease, portal hypertension, ascites, physiotherapy
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Interpretation of Common Used Tumor Markers Affectedy by Systemic and Inflammatory Diseases
Čásová, Miroslava ; Topolčan, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ludvíková, Marie (referee) ; Šafarčík, Kristian (referee)
Interpretation of Common Used Tumor Markers Affected by Systemic and Inflammatory Diseases Introduction: An examination of tumor markers is often made as a basis for the successful diagnosis and follow-up treatment of patients with malignant tumors. However, are tumor markers truly significant by themselves, or are they just a baseline quantitative expression of value that we use to diagnose a patient as better or worse based on it increasing or decreasing value? Objective: This paper attempts to answer the question of what factors can affect serum protein and mucin markers and thus lead to a misinterpretation of their results. Methods: Tumor markers were determined by isotopic and non-isotopic laboratory analysis methods, using operational protocols of the immunoanalytic laboratory. All methods were checked using internal quality control, and four times a year using an external quality control. Additionally, 16 236 samples were analysed using 3180 probands during the period 2008-2014. Results: We discovered that in premenopausal women, the markers AFP, CA 125 and HE 4 rise during ovulation peak periods while other markers changed minimally or not at all. However, in postmenopausal women, we proved the incidence of a false positivity marker. With women in the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the...
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Hidden malnutrition in patients with advanced stage of ovarian carcinoma
Ožanová, Michaela ; Tuček, Štěpán (advisor) ; Kostková, Lenka (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of hidden malnutrition in patients with advanced stage of ovarian carcinoma. Tumor diseases are often accompanied by malnutrition. In the case of ovarian cancer, malnutrition may be hidden, primarily due to ascites, which can distort body weight. Out of the patients included in this study 32 % had ascites. The basic nutritional status test in hospitals is the nutritional screening performed on each hospitalized patient to detect the risk of malnutrition. Other methods such as anthropometric measurements, laboratory values, bioimpedance analysis, or less commonly, imaging processes can also be used to detect malnutrition. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate whether nutritional screening and regular weight control in patients with advanced ovarian cancer is sufficient to diagnose malnutrition. The results have shown that the inclusion of anthropometric measurements between routine screening can be beneficial in detecting a greater number of malnourished patients. Also shifting the BMI threshold in nutritional screening for patients over 65 would greatly increase the capture of patients at risk of malnutrition. The secondary focus was to find whether the presence of ascites can be a determining factor in malnutrition being left undiagnosed, and which simple...
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Interpretation of Common Used Tumor Markers Affectedy by Systemic and Inflammatory Diseases
Čásová, Miroslava ; Topolčan, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ludvíková, Marie (referee) ; Šafarčík, Kristian (referee)
Interpretation of Common Used Tumor Markers Affected by Systemic and Inflammatory Diseases Introduction: An examination of tumor markers is often made as a basis for the successful diagnosis and follow-up treatment of patients with malignant tumors. However, are tumor markers truly significant by themselves, or are they just a baseline quantitative expression of value that we use to diagnose a patient as better or worse based on it increasing or decreasing value? Objective: This paper attempts to answer the question of what factors can affect serum protein and mucin markers and thus lead to a misinterpretation of their results. Methods: Tumor markers were determined by isotopic and non-isotopic laboratory analysis methods, using operational protocols of the immunoanalytic laboratory. All methods were checked using internal quality control, and four times a year using an external quality control. Additionally, 16 236 samples were analysed using 3180 probands during the period 2008-2014. Results: We discovered that in premenopausal women, the markers AFP, CA 125 and HE 4 rise during ovulation peak periods while other markers changed minimally or not at all. However, in postmenopausal women, we proved the incidence of a false positivity marker. With women in the 1st and 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the...
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