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Archaeogenetics in frog's phylogenetics
Teliščaková, Martina ; Symonová, Radka (advisor) ; Majtánová, Zuzana (referee)
Key words: Archaeogenetics, palaeogenetics, molecular palaeontology, phylogeny of frog's, molecular evolution, Anura, zooarchaeology The first part of my thesis deals with archaeogenetic research issues. There are described history and important moments when the archaeogenetic mehtods were applied. It is concerned with options that archaeogenetics has and restrictions that limit its research. It also focuses on possibilities of contamination of fossil materials and aDNA degradation. You will be familiarized with its chemical properties and the second part of this work deals with molecular evolution of sequence DNA. A search follows this part. It describes archaeogenetics methods provided that they help to clarify the phylogenetics of lower vertebrates, especially the phylogeny of Frogs (Palaeobatrachus, Pipa). I pointed out the present state of knowledge of frog's archaeogentics using archaeological research findings.
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The importance of Neolithic expansion in Central Europe - an assessment of phylogenetic age of mtDNA haplogroups in the Czech population.
Priehodová, Edita ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Brdička, Radim (referee)
Agriculture, with different Neolithic cultures, starts in the Near East more than 10,000 years ago. This new way of life has very different archaeological manifestations that previous Mesolithic. After its Near Eastern emergence, the farming practices rapidly penetrated into southeastern Europe and the first signs of Neolithic in Central Europe are already 7,000 years old. It is being considered that the cultural innovations influenced demographic growth of the populations that have taken part in the Neolithic spread. In such situation, new mutations would have to fix and could form new specific haplogroups for Europe with ancestral ties to the Near East. Phylogeographic studies such as founder analysis of European and Near Eastern mtDNA sequences found that the European Neolithic component was enriched mainly by haplogroups J and T1, and that the genetic contribution of farming economy in European gene pool is about 10 - 20%. However, studies like these have not been yet realized in particular parts of Europe. The aim of this thesis is to disentangle the internal variability of Central European haplogroups J and T1 thought to be involved in the Neolithic demic diffusion. We classified these haplogroups from the HVS-I mtDNA sequences of 281 samples of the recent population of the Czech Republic. We...
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The genetic links around the Red Sea as revealed by the mtDNA
Čížková, Martina ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Rídl, Jakub (referee)
The Red Sea region is one of the important places that allow us to uncover traces of the evolution of anatomically modern humans. Besides the questions related to its expansion out of Africa, this region is also important in terms of the mutual influence between populations of Africa and Arabia that after a long period of isolation and genetic differentiation related to climate change in the Pleistocene and subsequent development of seaways and land routes in the Holocene began to contact with each other more frequently. Number of genetic analyzes has been done but some issues concerning on the later development still remain inadequately answered, mainly because of insufficient material. This work is focused on the analysis of 200 mtDNA sequences of four Sudanese populations - two populations of nomadic herdsmen Rashaida and Beja living in the close neighborhood around the city of Kassala and speaking different languages and two populations of the Nile Valley with settled way of life. Analysis of the intrapopulation level revealed much higher diversity of the sedentary populations (in this work the sedentary populations are represented by the Nubians and Arabs). Interpopulation variability and genetic distances within other 46 populations of the Red Sea showed that although Rashaida and Beja people...
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Human Individuality in Bioarchaeology of Early Middle Ages: Conception, Methods and Interpretations
ZEMANOVÁ, Gabriela
The present work attempts to provide understanding of the issue of human individuality, identity and personhood in the Early Middle Ages on the basis of a literature review. The thesis also aims to describe the ways of study individuals in archaeology and in related fields with emphasis on bioarchaeological methods, which include determination of basic paleodemographic parameters, paleopathology, DNA analysis and stable isotope analysis. The application of these methods and the interpretation of their results in relation to human individuality are presented in three case studies from early medieval burial sites.
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The genetic links around the Red Sea as revealed by the mtDNA
Čížková, Martina ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Rídl, Jakub (referee)
The Red Sea region is one of the important places that allow us to uncover traces of the evolution of anatomically modern humans. Besides the questions related to its expansion out of Africa, this region is also important in terms of the mutual influence between populations of Africa and Arabia that after a long period of isolation and genetic differentiation related to climate change in the Pleistocene and subsequent development of seaways and land routes in the Holocene began to contact with each other more frequently. Number of genetic analyzes has been done but some issues concerning on the later development still remain inadequately answered, mainly because of insufficient material. This work is focused on the analysis of 200 mtDNA sequences of four Sudanese populations - two populations of nomadic herdsmen Rashaida and Beja living in the close neighborhood around the city of Kassala and speaking different languages and two populations of the Nile Valley with settled way of life. Analysis of the intrapopulation level revealed much higher diversity of the sedentary populations (in this work the sedentary populations are represented by the Nubians and Arabs). Interpopulation variability and genetic distances within other 46 populations of the Red Sea showed that although Rashaida and Beja people...
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Archaeogenetics in frog's phylogenetics
Teliščaková, Martina ; Symonová, Radka (advisor) ; Majtánová, Zuzana (referee)
Key words: Archaeogenetics, palaeogenetics, molecular palaeontology, phylogeny of frog's, molecular evolution, Anura, zooarchaeology The first part of my thesis deals with archaeogenetic research issues. There are described history and important moments when the archaeogenetic mehtods were applied. It is concerned with options that archaeogenetics has and restrictions that limit its research. It also focuses on possibilities of contamination of fossil materials and aDNA degradation. You will be familiarized with its chemical properties and the second part of this work deals with molecular evolution of sequence DNA. A search follows this part. It describes archaeogenetics methods provided that they help to clarify the phylogenetics of lower vertebrates, especially the phylogeny of Frogs (Palaeobatrachus, Pipa). I pointed out the present state of knowledge of frog's archaeogentics using archaeological research findings.
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The importance of Neolithic expansion in Central Europe - an assessment of phylogenetic age of mtDNA haplogroups in the Czech population.
Priehodová, Edita ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Brdička, Radim (referee)
Agriculture, with different Neolithic cultures, starts in the Near East more than 10,000 years ago. This new way of life has very different archaeological manifestations that previous Mesolithic. After its Near Eastern emergence, the farming practices rapidly penetrated into southeastern Europe and the first signs of Neolithic in Central Europe are already 7,000 years old. It is being considered that the cultural innovations influenced demographic growth of the populations that have taken part in the Neolithic spread. In such situation, new mutations would have to fix and could form new specific haplogroups for Europe with ancestral ties to the Near East. Phylogeographic studies such as founder analysis of European and Near Eastern mtDNA sequences found that the European Neolithic component was enriched mainly by haplogroups J and T1, and that the genetic contribution of farming economy in European gene pool is about 10 - 20%. However, studies like these have not been yet realized in particular parts of Europe. The aim of this thesis is to disentangle the internal variability of Central European haplogroups J and T1 thought to be involved in the Neolithic demic diffusion. We classified these haplogroups from the HVS-I mtDNA sequences of 281 samples of the recent population of the Czech Republic. We...
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