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Identification of new neuroactive steroids that are able to interact with allosteric binding sites on purinergic P2X receptors
Sivčev, Sonja ; Zemková, Hana (advisor) ; Vyklický, Vojtěch (referee) ; Stojilkovic, Stanko S. (referee)
(EN) Purinergic P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels with multiple physiological roles and are emerging as important therapeutic targets in a range of diseases. P2X subunit consists of two transmembrane helices (TM1 and TM2), an extracellular ATP-binding domain, and intracellular N- and C- termini. Seven different P2X subunits (P2X1-7) can assemble to form homotrimeric or heterotrimeric ion channels permeable for monovalent cations and calcium. P2X are ubiquitously expressed. Among them, P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7 are the most abundant within the brain. The activity of P2X depends not only on the presence of ATP but also on allosteric modulators that may inhibit or potentiate the activity of these channels. Our aim was to identify new molecules that could interact with allosteric binding sites on P2X receptors, design and synthesize new analogues of neurosteroids, and define crucial receptor domains and amino acids important for neurosteroid binding. By using a patch-clamp electrophysiology technique we recorded ATP-induced currents in HEK293T cells transfected with rat P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7, as well as in the rat anterior pituitary cells and hypothalamic neurons endogenously expressing these receptors. We found that 17β-ester derivatives of testosterone, namely testosterone butyrate and...
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In situ Luminescence Detection of Singlet Oxygen
Vyklický, Vojtěch ; Dědic, Roman (advisor) ; Mojzeš, Peter (referee)
The thesis summarises already published results of singlet oxygen luminiscence detection in relation to photodynamic therapy treatment. The spectroscopic and photosensitising properties of the photosensitizer TMPyP and their comparison with already published properties of TPPS4 are presented. Also the inuence of phosphatidylcholine on photosensitising properties of TPP and singlet oxygen lifetime was investigated. The thesis is mainly focused on adaptation and optimisation of experimental setup for singlet oxygen luminescence deteciton from the surface of solid samples with time and spectral resolution using optical fibres with luminescence probe. The usability was tested on polymer matrix (PMMA or polystyrene) containing protoporphyrine IX. Finally, the kinetics of singlet oxygen phosphorescence measured from surface of thin layer of 3T3 murine fibroblasts containing TPPS4 or TMPyP are presented. Thereby the feasibility of singlet oxygen detection in situ was demonstrated using this setup.
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The study of functional and molecular properties of NMDA receptors
Vyklický, Vojtěch ; Vyklický, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chvátal, Alexandr (referee) ; Tureček, Rostislav (referee)
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors, which mediate fast synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system and play a key role in synaptic plasticity. NMDA receptor overexcitation leads to cell death that underlies many serious neurological and psychiatric disorders. The aim of our research was to characterize novel drugs that modulate NMDAR activity. We have tested a series of newly synthesized steroidal compounds for their activity on recombinant receptors. We have demonstrated a relationship between the structure of the analogues of a naturally occurring neurosteroid pregnanolone sulfate and their ability to modulate NMDA receptors. The results of our experiments characterize the role of substituents at the steroid A and D ring. We have found specific substituents on carbons C3 and C17 of the steroidal skeleton that lead to a substantial increase of steroid efficacy and the ability to positively affect the ratio between the inhibition of stationary and non-stationary receptor activation. These two states represent receptors long-term activated (tonically) and synaptically activated (phasically), respectively. Using electrophysiological and optical methods in combination with mathematical modeling we have shown that the plasma membrane plays an...
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In situ Luminescence Detection of Singlet Oxygen
Vyklický, Vojtěch
The thesis summarises already published results of singlet oxygen luminiscence detection in relation to photodynamic therapy treatment. The spectroscopic and photosensitising properties of the photosensitizer TMPyP and their comparison with already published properties of TPPS4 are presented. Also the inuence of phosphatidylcholine on photosensitising properties of TPP and singlet oxygen lifetime was investigated. The thesis is mainly focused on adaptation and optimisation of experimental setup for singlet oxygen luminescence deteciton from the surface of solid samples with time and spectral resolution using optical fibres with luminescence probe. The usability was tested on polymer matrix (PMMA or polystyrene) containing protoporphyrine IX. Finally, the kinetics of singlet oxygen phosphorescence measured from surface of thin layer of 3T3 murine fibroblasts containing TPPS4 or TMPyP are presented. Thereby the feasibility of singlet oxygen detection in situ was demonstrated using this setup.
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The study of functional and molecular properties of NMDA receptors
Vyklický, Vojtěch ; Vyklický, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chvátal, Alexandr (referee) ; Tureček, Rostislav (referee)
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors, which mediate fast synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system and play a key role in synaptic plasticity. NMDA receptor overexcitation leads to cell death that underlies many serious neurological and psychiatric disorders. The aim of our research was to characterize novel drugs that modulate NMDAR activity. We have tested a series of newly synthesized steroidal compounds for their activity on recombinant receptors. We have demonstrated a relationship between the structure of the analogues of a naturally occurring neurosteroid pregnanolone sulfate and their ability to modulate NMDA receptors. The results of our experiments characterize the role of substituents at the steroid A and D ring. We have found specific substituents on carbons C3 and C17 of the steroidal skeleton that lead to a substantial increase of steroid efficacy and the ability to positively affect the ratio between the inhibition of stationary and non-stationary receptor activation. These two states represent receptors long-term activated (tonically) and synaptically activated (phasically), respectively. Using electrophysiological and optical methods in combination with mathematical modeling we have shown that the plasma membrane plays an...
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In situ Luminescence Detection of Singlet Oxygen
Vyklický, Vojtěch
The thesis summarises already published results of singlet oxygen luminiscence detection in relation to photodynamic therapy treatment. The spectroscopic and photosensitising properties of the photosensitizer TMPyP and their comparison with already published properties of TPPS4 are presented. Also the inuence of phosphatidylcholine on photosensitising properties of TPP and singlet oxygen lifetime was investigated. The thesis is mainly focused on adaptation and optimisation of experimental setup for singlet oxygen luminescence deteciton from the surface of solid samples with time and spectral resolution using optical fibres with luminescence probe. The usability was tested on polymer matrix (PMMA or polystyrene) containing protoporphyrine IX. Finally, the kinetics of singlet oxygen phosphorescence measured from surface of thin layer of 3T3 murine fibroblasts containing TPPS4 or TMPyP are presented. Thereby the feasibility of singlet oxygen detection in situ was demonstrated using this setup.
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In situ Luminescence Detection of Singlet Oxygen
Vyklický, Vojtěch ; Dědic, Roman (advisor) ; Mojzeš, Peter (referee)
The thesis summarises already published results of singlet oxygen luminiscence detection in relation to photodynamic therapy treatment. The spectroscopic and photosensitising properties of the photosensitizer TMPyP and their comparison with already published properties of TPPS4 are presented. Also the inuence of phosphatidylcholine on photosensitising properties of TPP and singlet oxygen lifetime was investigated. The thesis is mainly focused on adaptation and optimisation of experimental setup for singlet oxygen luminescence deteciton from the surface of solid samples with time and spectral resolution using optical fibres with luminescence probe. The usability was tested on polymer matrix (PMMA or polystyrene) containing protoporphyrine IX. Finally, the kinetics of singlet oxygen phosphorescence measured from surface of thin layer of 3T3 murine fibroblasts containing TPPS4 or TMPyP are presented. Thereby the feasibility of singlet oxygen detection in situ was demonstrated using this setup.
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