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Hazard evaluation from GLOFs in the Cordillera Huayhuash
Baťka, Jan ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
Hazard evaluation from GLOFs in the Cordillera Huayhuash Abstract: Proglacial lakes in high-mountain regions recently experienced dynamic development related to the ongoing climatic changes. Most of the mountain ranges were widely studied with respect to hazards posed by proglacial lakes. However, the Peruvian Cordillera Huayhuash was omitted by any research of this type so far. In this thesis first, the author develops and assesses the inventory of glacial lakes in the Cordillera Huayhuash, and second, evaluates the hazard from GLOFs. After a thorough discussion and comparison to other world's major mountain ranges, significant conclusions are made. Most of the characteristics of the lakes in the Cordillera Huayhuash are influenced by a local factor - fluvial erosion that has occurred since the last glacial maximum. Nevertheless, general principles such as the statistical distribution of lakes according to their elevation that are valid to other compared regions may still be identified based on the data. Lakes of the Cordillera Huayhuash generally pose minor or even no GLOF hazard, the few exceptions were further analyzed in detail. Key words: geomorphology, GLOF, lake inventory, natural hazards, Peru
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Origin and evolution of proglacial lakes in the Patagonian Andes
Danišová, Dominika ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
Origin and evolution of proglacial lakes in the Patagonian Andes ABSTRACT: Proglacial lakes are dynamic water bodies affected by the evolution of glacier ice masses, morphology and climatic factors. Mountain glaciers are very sensitive to climate change, which has caused their continuous recession recent decades. Glacier retreat is closely linked to an increase in the volume of proglacial lakes, especially in high mountain areas. The growth of proglacial lakes can also lead to increased probability of overtopping or dam rupture, also known as GLOF. The first aims of the presented thesis are to describe how proglacial lakes are formed, what factors can influence their continuous evolution and, lastly, how the lakes can affect their surroundings. In order to perform the spatial and temporary analysis, an inventory of the proglacial lakes in the North Patagonian Icefield was made, as this area has not yet been properly studied. In the time scale from 1984 till now, 640 lakes were characterised. The results show that along with glacier retreat, proglacial lakes are increasing in both size and number. However, the correlation with the climatic data is limited because of its poor quality and inadequate distribution in this area. Keywords: glacial lakes, glaciers, lake-dams, North Patagonian Icefield, GLOF
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Evolution of proglacial lakes in the South Patagonian Icefield
Schreiner, Vojtěch ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
Today, as our planet warms, the dangers posed by proglacial lakes are becoming increasingly apparent. Often, due to faster glacial retreat, these lakes are enlarged and the risk of lake dam failure is consequently increased. This can lead to a phenomenon known as GLOF (Glacial Lake Outburst Flood), i.e. the breaching or overflowing of a lake dam and subsequent flooding of downstream areas. The key to limiting the damage caused by these events is to increase our knowledge of this phenomenon and to be able to anticipate these events in time. The basis for this must be an analysis of glacial lakes in the area. This should include a time element, which will allow us to keep track of changes in the amount of water retained in the lake. This is the focus of this paper. The South Patagonian Icefield was chosen as the research area and proglacial lakes were mapped from images taken in 1985 which are available on Google Earth Pro. In this way, 93 lakes were found and their evolution was followed up to the present day. From these observations an inventory table with spatial and temporal elements was created. It was confirmed that most of the proglacial lakes in this region are also experiencing an increase in area.
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The analysis of GLOFs database
Kovanda, Matouš ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
In many areas around the world, events occur when a large volume of water is suddenly released from a glacial lake. This event, called a Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF), can flood a large area under a glacial lake in a short time, posing a major risk to local populations and infrastructure. As there are many diverse factors that influence the occurrence, development and mode of occurrence of such an event, GLOFs are first described in this study, using mainly international literature for the description. In the research part, attention is directed to the analysis of the global database recording the past GLOFs. The GLOFs are divided into areas based on the place of origin, in which their total abundance over the entire period of record, the distribution of abundance in each decade since the early 20th century, and the distribution of abundance within a year are analysed. Attention is also directed to the glacial lakes themselves where the GLOF event occurred. The types and number of glacial lakes, the manner in which the lake spills water, and the number of repeated GLOFs are analyzed. Finally, the resulting values between the different areas are compared with each other and their similarities or differences are observed.
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Analysis of tourism in the archaeological site of Machu Picchu
Břežná, Tereza ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Klimeš, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis is an overview of the analysis of tourism in the archaeological monument of Machu Picchu with a focus on overturism. Tourism is an ever-evolving sector that brings both positive and negative aspects to places, such as overturism, which is also on Machu Picchu. The work also presents a brief history of the object and life of the Incas and the basic physical and geographical setting of the place, including natural hazards. The main goal of this work is the analysis of tourism at Machu Picchu and its development in the period 1980-2019. The research is also focused on the analysis of attendance of tourists during the year in correlation with weather and air transport. Part of the analysis focuses on research of the number of tourists in acreage and the population of Machupicchu village. The aims of the work also deal with the regulatory mechanisms and comparison of Machu Picchu with other UNESCO monuments. The bachelor thesis uses methods of calculating the number of tourists divided by the area in m2 and the number of tourists divided by the population of Machupicchu. Machu Picchu is a heritage site that has been burdened by overtourism in a long period of time. Its attendance is rising sharply every year, in 2019 it was visited by over 1.5 million tourists from around the world....
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Dynamic of evolution and hazardousness of lakes in the Cordillera Blanca (Peru)
Emmer, Adam ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee) ; Haeberli, Wilfried (referee)
Adam Emmer: Dynamic of evolution and hazardousness of lakes in the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) Abstract: High mountain environment of the Cordillera Blanca (Peru) is undergoing prespicious (goe)environmantal changes such as glacier retreat and associated formation and evolution of lakes. Glacial lakes may represent a threat for the society in case of sudden release of (part of) retained water ("glacial lake outburst flood"; GLOF). Reliable identification of hazardous lakes is a key persumption of effective GLOF risk management. The fundamental part of this thesis lies in creation of new method for assessing susceptibility of lakes to outburst floods, reflecting regional specifics of these events in the study area (preconditions, causes and mechanisms) and unsuitability of existing approaches revealed in previous research. Newly created method take into account five scenarios of GLOFs, which are assessed separately, using the combination of decision trees allowing integration of qualitative and quantitative characteristics (an overall number of 17 characteristics of the dam, lake and lake surrounding enter the assessment procedure). Thus, identification of specific causes and mechanisms is enabled. The method was verified by assessing susceptibility of 20 lakes, of which 10 produced GLOFs in past (pre-flood...
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