|
|
Crustal Structure of the Bohemian Massif Based on Seismic Refraction Data
Hrubcová, Pavla ; Vavryčuk, Václav (advisor) ; Plomerová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Švancara, Jan (referee)
The deep structure of the Bohemian Massif, the largest stable outcrop of the Variscan rocks in central Europe, was studied using the data of the international seismic refraction and wide- angle reflection experiments CELEBRATION 2000, ALP 2002 and SUDETES 2003. The data were interpreted by seismic tomographic inversion and by 2-D trial-and-error forward modelling of the P and S waves. Above, additional constraints on the crustal structure were imposed by reflectivity or gravity modelling, and by receiver function interpretation. Knowledge of the crustal velocity structure in the Bohemian Massif was complemented by its azimuthal variation. Though consolidated, the Bohemian Massif can be subdivided into several tectonic units separated by faults, shear zones, or thrusts reflecting varying influence of the crust forming processes. The resultant velocity models determined different types of the crust-mantle transition reflecting variable crustal thickness and delimiting contacts of these tectonic units at depth.
|
|
|
Analysis of coda waves of the West-Bohemian earthquakes
Bachura, Martin ; Fischer, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vavryčuk, Václav (referee)
Coda of high frequency earthquakes contains information about attenuation propetries of the environment between earthquake hypocentre and seismic station. By application of different methods of coda anlysis one can derive these properties. I applied three methods to seismograms from autumn 2011 from WEBNET network monitoring seismic activity in West Bohemia/Vogtland area: basic method to derive Qc parameter of the environment, and two methods that allow for separation of intrinsic attenuation (Qi) and attenuation due the scattering (Qsc): method MLTWA (Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis) and method based on energy flux model. Values of Qc are relatively small (from 22 to 600, which depends on the length of the window in which the analysis is carried out and on the frequency and station used), which is in good agrement with the high seismic activity in the area. Qc shows frequency, depth and lateral dependances. It increases with frequency and depth and in the southwest direction. The applicability of methods for separation of Qi and Qsc are limited. With short hypocentral distancies as we have coda is not affected by scattering. Because of this, I was unable to use MLTWA method and the method of energy flux model was usable to derive only the values of Qi. These values are from 120 (1,5 Hz at...
|
|
|
Characterization of migmatite fracturing using ultrasonic methods
Petružálek, Matěj ; Vilhelm, Jan (advisor) ; Vavryčuk, Václav (referee) ; Koktavý, Pavel (referee)
Submitted PHD thesis is focused on fracturing process of migmatite, which is a low porosity anisotropic rock. Migmatite, from a locality Skalka, was chosen as a suitable experimental material, namely due to its macroscopically visible, plane-parallel structure (foliation). The fracturing was studied by means of uniaxial loading experiments on cylindrical samples with different dip of migmatite foliation: 13ř (subhorizontal), 81ř (subvertical) and oblique (47ř and 67ř). The net of eight piezoceramic transducers was employed for ultrasonic sounding (US) measurement and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring during the loading experiments. Realized study of migmatite fracturing is based on the interpretation of both mentioned ultrasonic methods. Part of this work was a software development, including its testing for processing and interpretation of measured AE and US data. Methodical part of the thesis consists of: development and testing of algorithms for automatic P wave arrival detection; introduction of anisotropic velocity model to describe magnitude and orientation of velocity anisotropy, as well as to localize AE events in anisotropic velocity field; determination of crack initiation stress using first arrival amplitude of US. Based on the interpretation of AE and US data, there was found a...
|
|
|
Numerical modeling of free oscillations applied to superconducting-gravimeter data in a low-frequency seismic range
Zábranová, Eliška ; Matyska, Ctirad (advisor) ; Martinec, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vavryčuk, Václav (referee)
Title: Numerical modeling of free oscillations applied to superconducting-gravimeter data in a low-frequency seismic range Author: Eliška Zábranová Department: Department of Geophysics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Ctirad Matyska, DrSc. Abstract: Deformations and changes of the gravitational potential of prestressed selfgravitating elastic bodies caused by free oscillations are described by means of the momentum and Poisson equations and the constitutive relation. For spheri- cally symmetric bodies we transform the equations and boundary conditions into ordinary differential equations of the second order by the spherical harmonic de- composition and further discretize the equations by highly accurate pseudospectral difference schemes on Chebyshev grids. We thus receive a series of matrix eigenvalue problems for eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of the free oscillations. Since elas- tic parameters are frequency dependent, we solve the problem for several fiducial frequencies and interpolate the results. Both the mode frequencies and the eigen- functions are benchmarked against the output from the Mineos software package based on Runge-Kutta integration techniques. Subsequently, we use our method to calculate low-frequency synthetic accelerograms of the recent megathrust events and compare them with the observed...
|
|
|
Influence of velocity model uncertainty in earthquake source inversions
Halló, Miroslav ; Gallovič, František (advisor) ; Duputel, Zacharie (referee) ; Vavryčuk, Václav (referee)
Title: Influence of velocity model uncertainty in earthquake source inversions Author: Miroslav Halló Department: Department of Geophysics Supervisor: doc. RNDr. František Gallovič, Ph.D., Department of Geophysics Abstract: Earthquake ground motions originate from rupture processes on faults in Earth. Constraints on earthquake source models are important for better un- derstanding of earthquake physics and for assessment of seismic hazard. The source models are inferred from observed waveforms by inverse modeling, which is subject to uncertainty. For large tectonic earthquakes the major source of un- certainty is an imprecise knowledge of crustal velocity model. The research topic of this Thesis is the influence of the velocity model uncertainty on the inferred source models. We perform Monte-Carlo simulations of Green's functions (GFs) in randomly perturbed velocity models to reveal the effects of the imprecise veloc- ity model on the synthetic waveforms. Based on the knowledge gained, we derive closed-form formulas for approximate covariance functions to obtain fast and effective characterization of the GFs' uncertainty. We demonstrate that approxi- mate covariances capture correctly the GF variability as obtained by the Monte- Carlo simulations. The proposed approximate covariance functions are...
|
|
|
The nuclear accent instantiation in English texts read by Czech speakers
Vavryčuk, Václav ; Volín, Jan (advisor) ; Studenovský, David (referee)
The thesis is concerned with Czech accent in English in the intonation domain, specifically the differences between nuclear melodic patterns in read speech of Czech speakers with a heavy accent and native British speakers. It is aiming to contribute to the study of "Czech" English with a later possibility of using the results in language teaching. The first part focuses on foreign accent in general together with its connection to comprehensibility and the influence of the first language. We then go through some theoretical concepts in studying intonation and their application in Czech and English intonology. In the experimental part we compare the melodic patterns of Czech and British speakers using cluster analysis. The main differences are evident in non-final utterances, where Czech speakers use mostly rising contours while British speakers more often use falling contours.
|
|
|
Characterization of migmatite fracturing using ultrasonic methods
Petružálek, Matěj ; Vilhelm, Jan (advisor) ; Vavryčuk, Václav (referee) ; Koktavý, Pavel (referee)
Submitted PHD thesis is focused on fracturing process of migmatite, which is a low porosity anisotropic rock. Migmatite, from a locality Skalka, was chosen as a suitable experimental material, namely due to its macroscopically visible, plane-parallel structure (foliation). The fracturing was studied by means of uniaxial loading experiments on cylindrical samples with different dip of migmatite foliation: 13ř (subhorizontal), 81ř (subvertical) and oblique (47ř and 67ř). The net of eight piezoceramic transducers was employed for ultrasonic sounding (US) measurement and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring during the loading experiments. Realized study of migmatite fracturing is based on the interpretation of both mentioned ultrasonic methods. Part of this work was a software development, including its testing for processing and interpretation of measured AE and US data. Methodical part of the thesis consists of: development and testing of algorithms for automatic P wave arrival detection; introduction of anisotropic velocity model to describe magnitude and orientation of velocity anisotropy, as well as to localize AE events in anisotropic velocity field; determination of crack initiation stress using first arrival amplitude of US. Based on the interpretation of AE and US data, there was found a...
|
|
|
Numerical modeling of free oscillations applied to superconducting-gravimeter data in a low-frequency seismic range
Zábranová, Eliška ; Matyska, Ctirad (advisor) ; Martinec, Zdeněk (referee) ; Vavryčuk, Václav (referee)
Title: Numerical modeling of free oscillations applied to superconducting-gravimeter data in a low-frequency seismic range Author: Eliška Zábranová Department: Department of Geophysics Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Ctirad Matyska, DrSc. Abstract: Deformations and changes of the gravitational potential of prestressed selfgravitating elastic bodies caused by free oscillations are described by means of the momentum and Poisson equations and the constitutive relation. For spheri- cally symmetric bodies we transform the equations and boundary conditions into ordinary differential equations of the second order by the spherical harmonic de- composition and further discretize the equations by highly accurate pseudospectral difference schemes on Chebyshev grids. We thus receive a series of matrix eigenvalue problems for eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of the free oscillations. Since elas- tic parameters are frequency dependent, we solve the problem for several fiducial frequencies and interpolate the results. Both the mode frequencies and the eigen- functions are benchmarked against the output from the Mineos software package based on Runge-Kutta integration techniques. Subsequently, we use our method to calculate low-frequency synthetic accelerograms of the recent megathrust events and compare them with the observed...
|
|
|
Analysis of coda waves of the West-Bohemian earthquakes
Bachura, Martin ; Fischer, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vavryčuk, Václav (referee)
Coda of high frequency earthquakes contains information about attenuation propetries of the environment between earthquake hypocentre and seismic station. By application of different methods of coda anlysis one can derive these properties. I applied three methods to seismograms from autumn 2011 from WEBNET network monitoring seismic activity in West Bohemia/Vogtland area: basic method to derive Qc parameter of the environment, and two methods that allow for separation of intrinsic attenuation (Qi) and attenuation due the scattering (Qsc): method MLTWA (Multiple Lapse Time Window Analysis) and method based on energy flux model. Values of Qc are relatively small (from 22 to 600, which depends on the length of the window in which the analysis is carried out and on the frequency and station used), which is in good agrement with the high seismic activity in the area. Qc shows frequency, depth and lateral dependances. It increases with frequency and depth and in the southwest direction. The applicability of methods for separation of Qi and Qsc are limited. With short hypocentral distancies as we have coda is not affected by scattering. Because of this, I was unable to use MLTWA method and the method of energy flux model was usable to derive only the values of Qi. These values are from 120 (1,5 Hz at...
|
|
|
Analysis of the P-wave directivity for selected earthquakes in the West Bohemia region
Lávička, Vojtěch ; Vavryčuk, Václav (advisor) ; Gallovič, František (referee)
I have employed three simple models of the finite earthquake source: the linear unilateral model, the linear symmetrical bilateral model and the circular fault model. I computed the apparent rupture time and constructed the curve of directional dependence of the apparent rupture time. I examined this directional dependence as a function of the rupture model parameters. I calculated and plotted graphs of apparent rupture time on the focal sphere. Then I analyzed 12 events from the 2008 West Bohemia earthquake swarm. I studied direct P waves which had been recorded at stations of the WEBNET seismic network (0,5/1/0,033 Hz - 80/60 Hz). I have measured durations of the first pulse of (i) original velocity records, and (ii) displacement curves computed numerically from the velocity records. I plotted the data on the focal sphere in the zenithal equal-area projection. I visually compared these focal sphere maps of the measured pulse duration with the focal sphere maps of the theoretically computed apparent rupture time. I attempted to assign a satisfactory source model to each map. In most cases, the unilateral fault model rupturing upwards along the B axis, or the bilateral fault model rupturing parallel to the rake direction fitted the data best.
|
guest ::
