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Diversity and phylogeny of Archamoebae
Zadrobílková, Eliška ; Čepička, Ivan (advisor) ; Kostka, Martin (referee) ; Bardůnek Valigurová, Andrea (referee)
Members of the group Archamoebae are free-living or endobiotic amoeboid flagellates and amoebae. They live in anoxic or microoxic habitats, and their mitochondria have been reduced. They were originally thought to lack mitochondria and represent one of the earliest eukaryotes. However, this hypothesis has been refuted, and now it is evident that the Archamoebae belongs to the lineage Conosa within the supergroup Amoebozoa, together with aerobic slime molds (Macromycetozoa) and variosean amoebae and flagellates. Relatively simple microtubular cytoskeleton is a characteristic feature of Archamoebae. It consists of a single basal body from which a flagellum arises, lateral root, and microtubular cone. Cytoskeleton of aflagellated genera has been completely reduced. About 350 species names of Archamoebae have been created so far. However, most descriptions were based on inadequate morphological features. The identity of numerous species is uncertain, and many of them are likely synonymous. Another problem is a small amount of available molecular data. During our project, we have substantially improved the dataset of DNA sequences of archamoebae. On the basis of molecular and morphological data, we described 13 new species. We showed that genus Rhizomastix belongs to Archamoebae and displays a new type...
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Morphological and molecular diversity of endobiotic and free-living trichomonads
Céza, Vít ; Čepička, Ivan (advisor) ; Bardůnek Valigurová, Andrea (referee) ; Fiala, Ivan (referee)
This PhD thesis presents the results of three subprojects focused on the research of so far understudied groups of the phylum Parabasalia. The previous research mostly focused on the parabasalids living in the guts of termites or on demonstrably pathogenic species. Surprisingly, there is only a little information about the impact of an increased contact of non-human primates with humans on the diversity of their intestinal trichomonads. Similarly, free-living trichomonads have been neglected for a long time, although they are likely crucial for understanding the evolution of Parabasalia as a whole. The diversity of the phylum Parabasalia is still poorly understood due to the brief and incomplete descriptions of many species, as well as a lot of missing sequence data. This doctoral project focused on the research of these hitherto understudied research areas. In the first subproject, a complete revision of the genus Hypotrichomonas was carried out, including the descriptions of six new species, some of which were found in previously well studied vertebrate hosts; these species must have been overlooked by the previous authors and the real diversity of intestinal trichomonads is certainly much higher than currently known. Because the most newly described species of Hypotrichomonas are readily...
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Diversity and phylogeny of Archamoebae
Zadrobílková, Eliška ; Čepička, Ivan (advisor) ; Kostka, Martin (referee) ; Valigurová, Andrea (referee)
Members of the group Archamoebae are free-living or endobiotic amoeboid flagellates and amoebae. They live in anoxic or microoxic habitats, and their mitochondria have been reduced. They were originally thought to lack mitochondria and represent one of the earliest eukaryotes. However, this hypothesis has been refuted, and now it is evident that the Archamoebae belongs to the lineage Conosa within the supergroup Amoebozoa, together with aerobic slime molds (Macromycetozoa) and variosean amoebae and flagellates. Relatively simple microtubular cytoskeleton is a characteristic feature of Archamoebae. It consists of a single basal body from which a flagellum arises, lateral root, and microtubular cone. Cytoskeleton of aflagellated genera has been completely reduced. About 350 species names of Archamoebae have been created so far. However, most descriptions were based on inadequate morphological features. The identity of numerous species is uncertain, and many of them are likely synonymous. Another problem is a small amount of available molecular data. During our project, we have substantially improved the dataset of DNA sequences of archamoebae. On the basis of molecular and morphological data, we described 13 new species. We showed that genus Rhizomastix belongs to Archamoebae and displays a new type...
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