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Contrastive topics in Czech
Veselá, Kateřina ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Uličný, Oldřich (referee)
This thesis - Contrastive Topics in Czech - describes some of syntactic and semantic characteristics of the experessions, called Contrastive Topics. Following theory of Functional Generative Description (p. Sgall, E. Hajičová and J. Panevová), author is trying to Bnd a ways to explain and verify several hypotheses of FGD by searching data of Prague Dependency Treebank. Prague Dependency Treebank is collection of czech sentence s, annotated on three levels of depth, namely the morphemic layer, the surface shape of sentences and tectogrammatical layer. The deep syntactic structure annotations in the Prague Dependency Treebank, the so-called tectogrammatical tree structures, capture three basic aspects of the underlying structure of sentences: the dependency tree structure, the kinds of dependency syntactic relations, and the basic characteristics of the topicfocus articulation. The basic characteristics of TF A are captured in two ways: the assignment of one of the three values of the TF A attribute attached to each node of the tree and the ordering of nodes in the tree according to the degrees of communicative dynamism (deep word order). Contrastive topics are special cases of contextually bound nodes, which appear in such sentences as Jemu jsem to neřekl - it is possible to express them by strong form of...
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Czech language at Deutsche Schule Prag
Kubů, Helena ; Šebesta, Karel (advisor) ; Uličný, Oldřich (referee)
I have analysed the education conception of the subject Czech as a foreign language at the elementary school Deutsche Schule Prag (German School in Prague) and subsequently I have researched character of usage and interference deformations of Czech language in written communication by German speaking pupils. The complex illustration of teaching, its aims, contents and methods can serve other pedagogues as a source of inspiration and simultaneously the methodical instruction, how to teach foreign languages. The conception of Deutsche Schule Prag is highly valued for several aspects. At first, the school respects a natural cognitive progress of pupils in their education model, therefore selects adequate teaching methods, aims, contents and types of exercises in consideration of the pupil' s age and its cognitive ski11s. Primarily poses c1aims corresponding with children's possibilities and also with norms of Common European Pramework: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEF). Secondly emphasises often neglected communication character of language in the c1asswork. Pupils do not leam language components apart and without context. On the contrary they acquire complex conversation situations and phrases of foreign language in order to be able to communicate verbally and in writing at the soonest. Thirdly, in the...
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The way the the people living in Zábřeh speak in their environment and in Prague
Sittová, Gabriela ; Jančák, Pavel (advisor) ; Uličný, Oldřich (referee)
Tato práce si klade za cíl posoudit běžnou mluvu mladé generace ze Zábřeha a její proměny v domácím příznakovém a v pražském, výrazně odlišném jazykovém prostředí. Za tímto účelem jsme pořídili nahrávky nepřipravených mluvních projevů čtyř mluvčích z mladé zábřežské generace ve věku 20-28 let a na jejich základě se budeme věnovat analýze z hlediska hláskosloví a morfologie (bude-li pořízený materiál výrazně přesahovat také do jiných jazykových rovin, můžeme je také zmínit). Pokusíme se postihnout, které jevy středomoravského (hanáckého) dialektu se v mluvě mladé generace ještě uplatňují nebo už neuplatňují, zda má běžná mluva mladých Zábřežanů ještě stále ráz "moravštiny", kterou mluvčí z Čech na první poslech pozná, a zda se tento jazyk proměňuje v závislosti na změnách komunikačního prostředí. Zmíníme otázku "přepínání kódů" v rámci českého jazyka a pokusíme se na základě textových analýz identifikovat, jestli mladá generace ze Zábřeha v pražském prostředí svůj jazyk odlišné komunikační situaci nějak přizpůsobuje, či nikoliv. Takto zaměřený konfrontační pohled na mluvený jazyk považujeme za možnou cestu k získání "vodítek" podstatných pro uchopení jazykového chování mladých lidí. V současné době, kdy je člověk vystaven velkému náporu ze strany médií a je dennodenně atakován češtinou v jejích (a to...
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Form and function of nouns in Czech: relation between nominal case and syntactic function. Based on a synchronic written corpus of Czech (SYN2005)
Jelínek, Tomáš ; Petkevič, Vladimír (advisor) ; Lopatková, Markéta (referee) ; Uličný, Oldřich (referee)
The case in Czech is the basic morphological means by which nouns express their function in a sentence. The objective of this thesis is to describe, from a frequency point of view, the relation between form and function of nouns, or, more precisely, how frequently cases (both simple and prepositional) are used to realise syntactic functions in sentences. The thesis is based on one of the largest corpora of written synchronic Czech: 100-million-token corpus SYN2005. In order to obtain data on frequencies of syntactic functions of nouns in relation to their cases, we annotated the corpus SYN2005 with a dependency syntactic annotation. For this annotation, we adopted the format of the analytical layer of the Prague Dependency Treebank. The syntactic annotation has been performed by a stochastic parser: the MST parser. Since the reliability of this annotation was not high enough, we have built an automatic correction module, which identifies errors of syntactic annotation in the output of the stochastic parser and corrects these errors by means of linguistic rules. We have implemented 26 different rules, but annotation errors have been reduced by merely 6-8%. However, this correction module can be further developed. It can be used to correct the output of any dependency parser trained on the data from...
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Extended nominal coreference and bridging anaphora (an approach to annotation of Czech data in Prague dependency treebank)
Nedoluzhko, Anna ; Uličný, Oldřich (advisor) ; Hajičová, Eva (referee) ; Oliva, Karel (referee)
The dissertation presents one of the possible models of processmg extended textual coreference and bridging anaphora in a large textual corpora, which we then use for annotation of certain relations in texts of the Prague Oependency Treebank (POT). Based, on the one hand, on the literature concerning the theory of reference, discource and some findings of theoretical linguistics, and, on the other hand, using the existing methodology of annotations, we created a detailed classification of textual coreferential relations and types of bridging anaphora. Within textual coreference, we distinguish between two types of textual coreferential relations - coreferential relations between noun phrases with specific reference and coreferential relation between noun phrases with non-specific, primarily generic, reference. We determined six types of relations for bridging anaphora: relation PART- between part and whole; relation SUBSET - between a set and a subset or element of a set; FUNCT - between an object and a unique function on that entity; CONTRAST- between semantíc and contextual opposites; relation ANAF of anaphorical referencing between noncoreferencial objects; REST- for other examples of bridging anaphora. One of the goals of the research is to create a system of theoretical principals that would be used...
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The case in Czech and foreign language learning
Lacinová, Zuzana ; Uličný, Oldřich (advisor) ; Rejzek, Jiří (referee)
V posledních letech jsme svědky postupného oživování teoretického zájmu o češtinu pro cizince. Vzrůstá záj em studentů o český jazyk a současně s tím potřeba nových učebních materiálů, které by odpovídaly jejich požadavkům a úrovni znalostí. Stále chybějí další publikace nezbytné pro praktickou výuku cizího jazyka, jako j sou specializované mluvnice a slovníky nebo metodické příručky pro učitele. Metodologický zájem o výuku cizích jazyků j e inspirován také evropskými programy. Jednou z nejproblematičtějších pasáží češtiny jako cizího jazyka je jak pro učitele, tak studenty pádový systém. Prezentace pádového systému ovlivňuje podobu učebnic, výběr témat, slovní zásoby. Dalším velkým problémem zůstává také, jak studentům pád vysvětlovat. Tyto otázky se dostávají v poslední době znovu do popředí v souvislosti s rozvojem kognitivní lingvistiky. Cílem této diplomové práce je poukázat na význam pádu ve výuce češtiny jako cizího jazyka. Ve druhé kapitole se zaměříme na jazykové a komunikační funkce pádu jako jednoho z prostředků gramatické výstavby věty. Ve třetí se pokusíme zhodnotit dosavadní pedagogické popisy češtiny pro potřeby cizoj azyčné výuky z hlediska vztahu k lingvistickým poznatkům o pádu a výhodnosti pro jazykovou výuku. Na závěr, ve čtvrté kapitole, budeme sledovat zpracování problematiky pádu v...
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Aspectual structure of -pad- radix verbal derivates
Jindra, Vojtěch ; Uličný, Oldřich (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
The work is based on a novel approach of associating verbs with various affixes on the basis of similar meanings. Using electronic sources data, the thesis paper captures the system of verbal derivatives of the -pad- radix in 53 entries that comprise their dictionary definition, an analysis of characteristic valence structures and, above all, a large number of examples. More than thousand various records extracted from the Czech National Corpus and the internet may be found in this paper. Verbs with the -pad- radix exist in three aspectual forms - as -nou- suffix perfectives, -a- suffix imperfectives, and -va- suffix secondary imperfectives. Moreover, these forms form combinations with 14 various prefixes (in addition to non-prefix forms and povy- and zprodouble- prefix forms): do-, na-, o-, od-, po-, pro-, pře-, při-, roz-, s-, u-, v-, vy-, za-. As I have shown, certain verbal meanings are characteristic for each of these prefixes; in addition, the positions of some aspectual forms do not have to be realised in the structure.
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Telicity and scalarity of deadjectival verbs in Czech
Lehečková, Eva ; Uličný, Oldřich (advisor) ; Filip, Hana (referee) ; Friedová, Mirjam (referee)
The dissertation deals with semantic relations between adjectives and deadjectival verbs in Czech. It focuses on the question how the property scale conveyed by adjectives is encoded in the semantics of deadjectival verbs. After the first chapter which presents the topic of the dissertation, in the second chapter, I describe the theoretical and methodological context of contemporary linguistics from a broader perspective in order to relate the theoretical and methodological procedures present in this paper to the current linguistic development. The third chapter pursues the semantics of adjectives in Czech and various approaches to their classification. It presents a scalar classification of adjectives according to which adjectives denote a scale of some property, i.e. an ordered set of degrees along a dimension. With support of empirical research (based on a questionnaire survey and corpus data) I show that it is possible to implement the scalar model into the description of Czech adjectives. This approach states that adjectives are one of many means in language that serve to express measurement (and attribute it to objects and individuals). At the end of the chapter, I propose a classification of Czech adjectives and generalize prototypical semantics of adjectival classes by vector constructions...
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