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Windows and their influence on the thermal properties of building structures
Svoboda, Luboš ; Trgala, Kamil (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Currently there is a great emphasis on energy savings in the building industry. Constructional opening fillings, such as windows and doors, are of a great importance for saving energy in buildings. Constructional opening fillings are one of the most challenging construction elements, because high demands are put on them.
The first part of this diploma thesis is devoted to research of the literature focusing on the issue of constructional opening fillings. Additionally, this diploma thesis introduces the basic terminology of constructional opening fillings, and also provides information about existing materials - including basic requirements for lighting, ventilation, mechanical resistance, and protection against noise and safety.
It also deals with mechanical and physical properties, such as thermal and technical characteristics, crevice integrity, sound insulation properties, thermal insulation properties of glass, thermal insulating properties of frames, waterproof, airproof, fire-technical characteristics and protection against undesirable permeability.
The main part of the thesis is devoted to the respective measurement of construction opening fillings in six selected objects. Based on the measured results, a thermal-computational diagnostics is carried out for each object. The conclusion sums up the results, the data obtained are analyzed and evaluated. On the basis of the evaluation, appropriate recommendations are provided.
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Economic analysis and evaluation of buildings based on wood in the Russian construction market.
Sergeeva, Vera ; Trgala, Kamil (advisor) ; Hýsek, Štěpán (referee)
The task of my thesis is to conduct marketing analysis of wooden structures in the Russian building market. The theoretical part focuses on the interesting origin and development of buildings based on wood in Russia. Next on characteristics of each building technology, which are log building, skeleton system, panel construction, combined structures.
The theoretical knowledge is applied in the practical part, where is made the analysis of the current state of housing construction in Russia, including structure of building industry wooden constructions based on wall materials, operating time, the class of buyers. The practical part deals with the trend in the proportion of houses built of brick and wooden houses in five years (2011 2015), and compares some advantages and disadvantages of technology wooden buildings. Based on Research.Techart forecasts work is described and assessed the volume and dynamics of the wooden constructions in Russia in 2015 2025 years. Next part deals with the analysis of demand and pricing in wooden houses. Offer of wooden houses in the Russian market evaluated on the basis processed Annex : Summary 50. building companies, top rated by customer.
After making a complete market analysis of wooden constructions, the author informs the main problems the industry of wooden buildings in Russia and suggests the possibility of increasing the share of realization of houses based on wood.
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Design and optimisation of log rounding process
Iamshchikov, Evgenii ; Trgala, Kamil (advisor) ; Ruman, Daniel (referee)
The subject of my thesis is Design and optimisation of log rounding process. The aim of the work is to develop and explain the changes of the cutting tool parameters of a machine for logs rounding; experimental substantiation for the change of the cutter angle related to the axis of the workpiece. This paper deals with all kinds of wooden housing, from houses of solid wood to houses made of wood-based materials. The description of positive and negative characteristics of each type, including why a house made of logs is essentially different, its positive and negative sides. The paper examines all kinds of the logs rounding technology; the characteristics of their quality and energy consumption are presented. The experimental part of the work consists in the experiment planning and identifying of the factors that influence the rounding process. The way the cutter angle influences the surface roughness during the cylindering process was studied. The final stage of the work was to evaluate the results of the work, their relevance and the possibility to introduce the new equipment with the changed parameters of the cutting tool into production.
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Airtightness estimation of wood based residential houses using Blower-door test
Srba, Jaromír ; Böhm, Martin (advisor) ; Trgala, Kamil (referee)
This dissertation analyses airtightness of residential buildings which in many ways influences their energy performance and therefore also their costs of use. Properly conducted airtightening layer can significantly extend the lifespan of the construction. The main objective of the dissertation is to evaluate the construction of newly built buildings in the Czech Republic and to assess the most important parameters which affect airtightness.
The Blower-door test was used to assess air leakage. This method belongs among the most widely used and conclusive methods of analysis. Its advantage is mainly the fact that it can detect construction defects of the airtightening layer in important stages of construction (and possibly enable these defects to be corrected before completion). The core of this method is to create a pressure difference of deltap 50 Pa between the exterior and the interior of the building and at the same time discover the faulty places which are different for positive and negative pressure.
The air leakage was assessed in 345 residential buildings constructed between 2006 and 2016, especially in conventional wood frame buildings or with buildings made from wood panels such as cross-laminated timber. The development of values of air change rate through the building envelope was evaluated according to the Czech standard ČSN 73 0540-2 and the results were compared to previous outcomes of other authors. Analysis and photo documentation of the most frequently detected leakage points are also part of the dissertation. A significant decrease in values of the air change rate was discovered, on average by 40.49% in 2016 compared to 2006, while for passive houses the air change rate values were almost steady. For buildings with wood frame construction, it was the way of ventilation which was determined as the most significant parameter affecting air leakage. For wooden buildings with natural or combined ventilation, the average value of air change rate at the pressure difference of 50 Pa was 1,29 h-1, for buildings with mechanical ventilation and heat recovery it was 1,18 h-1 and for buildings with very low energy consumption for heating with mechanical ventilation and heat recovery it was 0,44 h-1. Other parameters affecting the values of air leakage include the construction company, the presence of a chimney, the place and method of construction of the wood frame construction.
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Creation of project documentacion for wood structures with Ekopanely® system
Ryba, Tomáš ; Ruman, Daniel (advisor) ; Trgala, Kamil (referee)
The author deals with a preliminary house price which has been calculated using a list of items and creates a partial project documentation. It is standard practice to make such a calculation of a building. The results of my work indicate that on the basis of the calculation the contract was secured and the partial project documentation of the house built using the Ekopanely board system was created. This documentation was used for getting a building announcement from the planning permission authority in Šimonovice. Furthermore, the paper contains compositions of frames designed using ideal materials, defined for building in the Ekopanely board system, for which the EKOPANELY SERVICE s.r.o. guaranties the functionality.
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The design and optimisation of timber structure of simple hall with span 13 meters
Fáber, Jiří ; Trgala, Kamil (advisor) ; Ruman, Daniel (referee)
The goal of this Thesis is to design a wooden supporting structure of a production hall based on requirements given by an investor and to compare possible design solutions. Theoretical first part of this thesis describes wooden structures in general, especially specifications of wood as a building material, basic designing rules, various types of material joints and constructions classification. In second part of this thesis two draft designs were created with RSTAB and TRUSS4 software and the optimal solutions is presented. Valid Czech and EU standards were followed in design creation and calculation.
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Historical and contemporary wooden timbered buildings for living and construction solutions
Matějovský, Šimon ; Trgala, Kamil (advisor) ; Adam, Adam (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to carry out a search based on available literature that focused on historical development of timbered houses in the Czech Republic that are intended for permanent living. A survey was conducted subsequently to this search. This survey concentrated on firms that nowadays build timbered houses and also on construction solutions and structure composition of such houses. The conducted survey describes prevalent construction solutions of timbered houses in the current housebuilding sector of the Czech market.
The thesis focuses on thermal properties of today's timbered wooden structures. Next, an indicative measurement of these buildings was carried out by a blower door test and thermal imaging diagnostics. Furthermore, the thesis compares timbered structures with standard requirements for permanent housing. Interestingly, the measurements for instance showed that one new building met the requirements of the blower door test. Next, several thermography measurements demonstrated seamless heat transfer of a timbered wall as a whole.
The conclusion of the thesis summarizes the current use and construction of timbered houses in the Czech Republic. Moreover, it sums up the results of the measurements and outlines the survey results regarding the thermal properties of these houses.
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Mutual comparison exterior wooden saunas
Bartůněk, Václav ; Múčka, Martin (advisor) ; Trgala, Kamil (referee)
This work describes the structural design of contemporary outdoor sauna cabins. The manual is written with great detail on how to construct sauna cabins, both horizontal and vertical structures.
Listed below are the most commonly wooden cladding materials, sauna furniture and sauna equipment. Also discussed are the issues of electrical installation, ventilation and longevity of the sauna cabin.
Work also includes the characterization of the five possible sauna designs, including the comparison of the economic standpoint of the user. The outcome of the work is comparison of the saunas according to their properties.
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Errors in wood buildings
Janata, Filip ; Trgala, Kamil (advisor) ; Múčka, Martin (referee)
This thesis is focused on mistakes in wooden structures namely those in the two most common types of construction in the Czech Republic - on-site assembly and prefabricated frame construction. Keeping in mmind the fact that wooden structures must be perceived in a wider context, this thesis also describes their history and development into their current form, including diffusion-closed and diffusion-open construkctions. The analysis of defects and faults folloes after a general introduction and an explanation of the principles of the individual diagnostic methods used for the analysis, and specific examples of faults or defects are further explained in individual chapters.
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