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Effect of climate change in winter on vegetation
Skácelová, Anna ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Schnablová, Renata (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on winter climate change and its impact on vegetation. It examines the importance of snow cover in relation to soil temperature, moisture, and the degree of microbial activity and nutrient mineralization. That is followed by a discussion of the effects of these factors on plants, specifically changes of their phenology, physiology, and changes of plant communities. This thesis also includes a brief chapter on research methods for studying winter climate change on vegetation. The aim of this work is to try to summarize current knowledge in the aforementioned area and identify gaps in research of this topic.
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Ecological trends in xylem production of woody plants
Tichý, Jan ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Schnablová, Renata (referee)
Xylogenesis (wood formation) is one of the most important biological processes on Earth. Woody plants store atmospheric carbon during this process and are thus an essential player in the carbon cycle, and therefore in the interactions of the biosphere and the Earth's climate system. The course of xylogenesis is affected by many factors, the main factors include photoperiod, temperature and water availability. The significance and impact of individual factors on xylogenesis changes with time and place on Earth. The cambium, which by its division forms wood, enters the dormant and active phase during the year. As part of the changes in the activity of the cambium, rings are formed from which it is possible to read the conditions in which the tree was located during the formation of the given tree ring. This characteristic feature of wood is the subject of many studies and can be used to investigate the effects of climate change on xylogenesis.
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Role of phenotypic plasticity, genetic and epigenetic differentiation in ecophysiological traits of Festuca rubra L. in response to climate change
Koláříková, Veronika ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Schnablová, Renata (referee)
Understanding the ability of species to respond to climate change is essential for prediction of their future distribution. When migration is not adequate, reaction via phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic/epigenetic adaptation is necessary. The main aim of this study is to determine mechanisms of response to climate change in dominant grass species Festuca rubra. The study used reciprocal transplant experiment with growth chambers simulating different climatic conditions. Original localities in western Norway represent factorially crossed gradients of temperatures and precipitations, thus it was possible to study the effect of temperature and moisture separately as well as combined. In first part of the experiment, plastic responses were separated from genetic differentiation. To do this, plants with different genotypes from original localities were transplanted to growth chambers set to simulating temperature and moisture course in the four extreme localities (wettest and driest combined with warmest and coldest). After five months, ecophysiological photosynthetic-related traits were measured. These traits are important for species ability to adapt and maintain high fitness and thus they are essential for plants function. Specifically, it was net photosynthetic rate (PN), fluorescence of...
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