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Hygiene Factors Issues of Noise, Dust and Vibrations in the Workplace Grinding Castings
STODOLOVSKÁ, Květa
My diploma work is focusing on the health problems of selected factors in the working enviroment of grinding the metal castings. There are high-risk factors, which are harmful to worker´s health, especially physical stress, noise, dust and vibrations, which are passed on hands. The employer is under the obligation to take precautions to carry on worker´s health, in consideration of exceed the health limits. The aim of this diploma work was setting the efficiency of precautions to health protection in work enviroment. The situation had been monitoring in a company in the South Bohemia over ten years. There were used results of factor´s precautions (noise, dust, vibrations) in work enviroment, where workers grind the metal castings by hand grinders. The monitoring ensemble was created by employess in a company, which makes the metal castings by hand grinders in its work enviroment. To data collecting were used the following methods: non-aligned observation, conversation with the chief of the company, studying of positive law and technical literature incl. test codes of the health institute (department Ceske Budejovice). The data of the test codes were processed by the secundary analysis and summarized to tables and graphs. Within qualitative analysis I determinated four research questions, which were answered gradually in my work: 1)Which precautions are carry out by employers to particular factors of employee´s health protection? 2)What is the factor´ s efficiency? 3)What impact do the precautions have on results of factor´s measuring? 4)Which precautions can I recommend on the grounds of the evalutation of the work enviroment? Both means of collective and individual protection belong to the precautions of worker´s health protection today. The technical, technologiacal and organisational precautions are included to collective protections. The individual precautions are focusing especially on employees and offer the substitute solutions. All precautions are specific to individual factors. I found out, that all precautions, which are used by the employers in work enviroment of metal casting, are effective. Especially we can talk about the precautions to protection of employee´s health against excessive dust (instalation of air ventilation with strong effect), which caused the exceed of dust concetration in work enviroment of grinding. Finally I can say, that this branch of metal casting has been connecting with certain high-risk factors all the time. Although all the protective precautions has been realized, the health limits given for noise, vibrations passed on hands and dust are still exceed. For this reason it´s very important to regularly inform the workers of high-risk factors, which they could meet in their work enviroment of cast grinding.
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The Health Risks Analysis in the Workplace of Stone Quarries, Measure and Evaluation
STODOLOVSKÁ, Květa
The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the work environment of quarries. Four research questions were asked: What factors can be determined in the working environment of quarries? Are hygienic limits of the monitored factors in the work environment of quarries respected? What measures to protect the health of workers in the quarries are applied by the employers? Are the proposed measures to protect employees' health effective? The bachelor thesis was conducted as qualitative research. Conditions in two quarries in the South Bohemian Region were studied. For data collection, the technique of direct, disinterested and obvious observation, the study of professional literature, legislation, trial protocols and the findings obtained from interviews with managers were used. The data were processed by content analysis. In the theoretical part, I focused on individual risk factors in the work environment of quarries and on health risk assessment. In the practical part, I compared the measurement results with the health limits set out in Government Regulation No. 361/2007 Coll. laying down the conditions of health protection in the workplace, as amended, and in Government Regulation No. 272/2011 Coll. that lays down hygienic limits of noise and vibration. Individual professions were categorized according to Decree No. 432/2003 Coll., as amended. The factors assessed in the work environment of quarries were quarry dust, total and hand-transmitted vibrations, noise and physical strain. The lowest rated factors include dust and total vibrations. Hygienic limits were not always observed, and thus the employer is obliged to take measures to protect the health of employees. The most important step in the development of quarries is the purchase of new, modern machines and the overall modernization of production, resulting in reduction of the workers´ exposure to risk factors.
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