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English presentation sentences with "have" and their Czech translation counterparts
Polláková, Helena ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
This diploma thesis examines English have-presentative sentences and their Czech translational counterparts. Have-presentative sentences have a similar function to there- existentials, i.e. they introduce a new element on the scene. From the FSP point of view, the subject is context-dependent in these sentences and serves thus as a rheme, e.g. We have a long trip ahead of us (Ebeling 2000: 1) or The tree has a nest in it (Ebeling 2000: 228). The possessive meaning of have is weakened in these sentences and could be thus described as existential, which is possible to attest by the means of alternative there-construction (There's a long trip ahead of us.; There's a nest in the tree.). The theoretical part summarizes the treatment of have in various grammar books, its semantics and diverse functions. Furthermore, it briefly discusses the theory of functional sentence perspective (FSP) as defined by Firbas (1992) and explore different presentative constructions with emphasis on have- and there-presentatives. Finally, it describes the Czech verb mít - its semantics and function, and explores FSP with regard to Czech. The aim of the analysis was to gather 200 examples of have-presentatives extracted from the Czech-English parallel corpus InterCorp v10, examine its Czech translational counterparts and...
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English (semi-)modal "need (to)" and its Czech counterparts
Polláková, Helena ; Popelíková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The English verb need (to) belongs to the class of verbs which show characteristics of both modal and lexical verbs. The aim of the study is to provide a description of the verb with respect to its semantics, use and grammatical features. The first theoretical part summarizes theoretical findings about the verb need (to) and marginal modals and modality in general. Furthermore, it briefly touches upon the issue of expressing modality in Czech. The empirical part is then based on the analysis of selected examples extracted from the English-Czech part of the parallel corpus InterCorp. The analysis examines the proportion of the use of need and need to and the means of their translation in Czech - whether the corresponding Czech sentences include modal verbs, modal adverbs, verbal or verbo-nominal constructions meaning potřebovat or completely different means.
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