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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Clinical Practice and Research - New Possibilities of TDM of Cyclosporine A and its Metabolites after Renal Transplantation
Halvová, Petra ; Grundmann, Milan (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee) ; Suchý, David (referee)
Introduction: Cyclosporine A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor, is widely used in renal transplantation. TDM of CsA in whole blood is recommended for dose adjustment. CsA dose and its blood level do not correlate well with the degree of immunosuppression generally. Monitoring of CsA level at the site of its action (lymphpocytes) should be more advantageous. Delayed graft function (DF) is a form of acute renal failure resulting in post-transplant oligouria. Aim: Development and application of LC-MS/MS method for therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclosporine A and its first line metabolites in whole blood and isolated peripheral lymphocytes. TDM of CsA and metabolites in early and chronic phase after renal transplantation (Tx). Methods: 14 adult renal transplant recipients (8 males) were prospectively included in the study and were followed during first three months after Tx. On the basis of clinical status confirmed by serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance all subjects were divided into 2 groups. IF group involved subjects with immediate graft function after transplantation, DF group involved patients with delayed graft function. 54 renal transplant patients were followed up for 4 years during chronic phase (>1year) after renal Tx. 31 of them had ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) performed....
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Effect of potassium on stable cesium uptake by Calla palustris from aqueous solution
Petrůvová, Nicola ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the effect of potassium on receiving of stable cesium and evaluate the appropriateness of Marsh Calla (Calla palustris) for phytoremediation. The experiment was conducted in a green-house environment where the plants were grown in an aqueous solution. The plants were exposed then to a stable isotope of cesium (133Cs) at a concentration of 1 mM CsCl. Potassium was added to the plants in the form of potassium sulphate (K2SO4), in five different concentrations (0.5 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM). Plants were exposed for 8 days. The largest average income of cesium (9,37 %) had a plant without added potassium. The root part of the plants showed a greater cesium content than the ground part. Based on the total intake of cesium from an aqueous solution, calla marsh can be estimated as a plant usable for phytoremediation.
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Combustion by-products of the power station of Prunéřov and options of their utilization for nature-conservation purposes
Volfová, Michaela ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The experiment took place in the ash deposit of power plant in the north-west Bohemia, where wasps and bees were investigated. Data were collected on localities of different management and age in May to August, 2015 by pan color traps, when 106 traps were collected (70 traps on succession areas and 36 traps on reclaimed areas). In total, 603 individuals (88 species) were determined. Thirty two species stated in the Red list, 14 species are vulnerable, six species are endangered and 2 species are critical endangered. Succession areas were strictly preferred by 39 species (90 individuals) and reclaimed areas by 12 species (18 individuals).
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Principles of Processing Risk Analyses in Remediation of Old Environmental Burdens
Vyskočilová, Adéla ; Wimmerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the old ecological burdens, to describe and compare the procedures that are being processed in the analysis of the risks of the contaminated area. The risk analysis of the contaminated area is described according to a valid methodological instruction prepared by the Ministry of the Environment for these purposes and it is necessary to proceed to solve the old ecological burdens. In this work the analysis of risks of contaminated area and corrective remediation in old ecological burdens is dealt with, as well as the possible health risk and formulas, which then determine how much people living in a given locality are at risk. It is evaluated here the pollution of selected areas, the size of the contaminated area in selected areas, the types of pollution and others. Selected areas were evaluated according to the available SEKM database data. At the end of this work is the overall evaluation of selected regions according to available data.
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Comparison of population parameters of Large blues from genus Phengaris on multiannual basis
Bártů, Nikola ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
There where evaluated the changes in abundance of overall metapopulations and abundace of butterflies on surveyed areas occupied by Phengaris nausithous (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). It ran on two long-term monitored locations in the Czech Republic : Slavíkovy ostrovy u Přelouče a Dolní Labe u Děčína. Data for this comparison was obtained by longterm monitoring of the abundance of butterflies on these locations. The method of reverse capture of labeled specimens was used and then statisticall processing of marking results in program MARK. In final number of the target species has been found significant fluctuation , after our evaluation. Abudance of total metapopulation in Přelouč in years from 2004 till 2016is variable from 148 up to 1 369 butterflies, numbers in Děčín between 2008 and 2016 has vacillated from 273 to 1952 individuals. Growth of abudance of metapopulation on these two locations are obvious from crossing both diagrams (in years 2006, 2010-11 and 2014-2015). However, observing time-lime is not so long, this is very strong argument to support this hypothesis: ,,From aged time sequence there is noticable graduation periodicity. Than has been compared progression of population of individual locations compare to metapopulation of both locations together and it has discovered this observation is a real picture of aged progress. Most of places of research copying trend of metapopulation. If there are any differences, for example total metapopulation grows, but population of individual location declines, it could be explain as a change of familiar location related on mamagement, in this case on the wrong one. Contrariwise, rising of individual colony against the trend of metapopulation, mostly shows a positive changes in maintenance of site. Long therm researching is highly recommented for rating of impact of management.
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Diversity of moths in the former military training area Ralsko.
Majer, Lukáš ; Kadlec, Tomáš (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
Military training areas are increasingly recognized as areas of high biodiversity habitats for many species, including protected or endangered species. These areas are the subject of frequent cases of protection.
The aim of this work is to map the diversity of nocturnal species of butterflies in the former military training area with portable light traps support UV light.
The data were collected during the period from the beginning of May 2016 to the end of September 2016 at six sites in two areas (airports Castle, Vrchbělá) at each station was located one light trap. Habitat structure varied vegetation around trap.
Totally was carried 144 kinds of 9 families. Carried out research showed that the two regions have relatively high taxonomic diversity of the studied group of insects. There were identified two species from the Red List (Lycophotia molothina and Coscinia cribraria) and several major specialized species. This work highlights the importance of former military sites in terms of biodiversity conservation species of butterflies. To maintain high habitat and species diversity is therefore appropriate to imitate military disturbance for example mowing vegetation, cutting of trees, the operation of driving off-road vehicles, motocross, horse riding or even shows historical military equipment.
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The influence of various storage conditions on the stability of anthocyanins in blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.)
Martanová, Anna ; Kotíková, Zora (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the influence of different storage methods on the stability of anthocyanins in the fruits of blueberries. The theoretical part describes blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), anthocyanin pigments and their stability based on the studied literature. Moreover, an overview of the most common methods for their determination in plant materials is given. The methodical part depicts the methods of determining the content and the extent of the degradation of anthocyanins in blueberries using the different ways of storage. Anthocyanin dyes contained in the blueberries were subjected to acid hydrolysis and their content was expressed in the form of free aglycones (anthocyanidins). During the initial analysis, the measurement of the content of anthocyanidins in the fresh blueberries was done. Furthermore, a sample preparation was carried out applying the different storage methods. Three storage variants were tested, dried samples at 80 ° C, lyophilized and frozen samples. During the eight-month storage, five further measuring of the degradation rate of anthocyanins in time was performed. All samples were analyzed in triplicates. A mass spectrometer 3200 QTRAP with triple quadrupole and ESI ionization, coupled with a liquid chromatograph, type UHPLC was used for the analysis. Afterward, the values were averaged and presented using graphs and tables. The results of the thesis pointed out that the least intrusive variant of preserving the sample was lyophilisation, especially than for the first two months of storage. The amount of the anthocyanins did not changed during this period. Moreover, also the freezing variant was a suitable method for preserving the sample. Freezing was assessed as the favorable method for preserving the sample for longer periods since the value has decreased in the relation to time more gradually and during the final collection have shown higher values than the variant of the lyophilized blueberries. The variant of dried blueberries was the least stable compared to the previous variants. The rapid decline of anthocyanins occurred already during drying, depending on the time the values continued to decline In the variant of drying, petunidin was evaluated as the most stable anthocyanidin, while kyanidin and delphinidin were determined as the least stable. Delphinidin was determined to be the most stable anthocyanin in the variant of both freezing and lyophilization whilst the least stable the anthocyanins were petunidin in the variant of freezing and cyanidin in the variant of lyophilization.
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Taxonomic revision of the genus Gracula in the Island of Sumatra and the southwest located islands
Švejcarová, Tereza ; Kopecký, Oldřich (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
Hill Mynas Gracula have a wide distribution range covering all of Southeast Asia. They became a popular cage bird due to their ability to mimic human speech. Massive demand had a tragic impact on the wild populations of Hill Mynas throughout their range. Since the first description of the species there have been significant discrepancies in the classification. Continuous pressure on the wild populations caused an urgent need of conservation attention in many places, which was hindered by taxonomical uncertainties. Decades of specialists disagreements caused crossbreeding of mynas from different areas and thus disappearance of their typical characteristics. The only possible way for taxonomic revision has become a field research. This research was focused on the taxonomic revision of the Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa in Sumatra and its nearby islands, where the highest diversity of the genus taxa occurs. The aim was to evaluate the current situation of the wild populations and to collect the largest possible set of morphometric information. The analyses uncovered that studied taxa are all clearly distinguishable. Taxon miotera from the island of Simeulue, oftenly overlooked in literature, showed the largest differences as well as taxon robusta from Nias. If taxon robusta is recognised a full species, miotera should be upgraded to a species level as well. Mynas from the additional two locations show differences too and are both clearly distinguishable from the others. The differences dont show such significance to treat these taxa as species without further combination of morphometry and genetics. A surviving population of the Nias Hill Myna Gracula (r.) robusta, last recorded by scientists in 1939 was found during this research as well as acoustic evidence of taxon miotera from Simeulue which was also identified as possibly extinct.
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Problem of the undernourishment and the food water resources
Polzová, Tereza ; Kuna, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The main focus of the final thesis are the problems related to the problem of undernourishment in affected
regions of the world, sea fishing and aquaculture.
In the beginning, the definition of the food problem in the world is introduced. The potential contribution of proteins from the sea production to human dietary is emphasized. Further, the exponential population growth is mentioned, influencing the future development and the food problem itself.
The second part of thesis is dedicated to fisheries and aquaculture. The importance and benefits of sea water resources as well as aquaculture is mentioned from the nutritional and livelihood point of view. Sea management and international regulations are playing
crucial role in the sustainability of the fisheries stocks. These are needed to eliminate the problems of fisheries and aquaculture and the degradation of sea ecosystems due to unsuitable fishing techniques.
At the end of the thesis a summary of all important information is listed. Followed
by possible solutions of these global problems.
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Analysis of runoff in selected urban watershed
Kučera, Vít ; Máca, Petr (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The work deals with schematization area with sewage networks in the Rainfalls-runoff model urbanized watershed modeling and changes in the Manning roughness coefficient of the pipe to the main sewer, which drains most of the wastewater. The comparison was made on two schematization basin Bohnice collector the main sewer F in the city. Prague. For the simulation program was used Mike URBAN DHI Inc.
The main variable was observed outflow hydrograph on the selected sealing profile watershed and its development depending on schematization and change the Manning roughness coefficient.
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