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Interannual temperature variability in Europe
Švábek, David ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Mikšovský, Jiří (referee)
This master thesis is focused on interannual variability of air temperature throughout Europe and its long-term trends. Alongside changes in average air temperature, it is the changes in variability that fundamentally affect meteorological extremes. Therefore, those are fundamental climate characteristics at which we do not know yet if they are changing and if so, in what direction. The changes seem to differ between individual regions, seasons and timescales. Changes behave differently when they are short-term (interday to interseasonal) and when they are long-term (interannual). These interannual changes are the main topic of this master thesis. In the review part of the thesis, the scientific literature is summarized, supplemented by changes in interannual variability both globally and regionally for the territory of Europe, namely for individual seasons. The objective of the practical part of the paper is the analysis of long-term interannual temperature variability in the period from 1 March 1961 to 28 February 2018, for each season separately. The objective of this work is not only to quantify the trends of interannual temperature variability but also to compare them among five different climate databases, as most scientific studies that analyse long-term changes in variability have been...
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Study of relationship between temperature measurement in standard level and herb layer according to meteorological conditions
Klimeš, Vojtěch ; Žák, Michal (advisor) ; Mikšovský, Jiří (referee)
The forest microclimate is different from the conditions measured at mete- orological stations. Conditions in the herbaceous layer are influenced by both the surrounding vegetation and macroclimatic factors. In this thesis, we in- vestigate the relationship between the temperature difference at 2 m and near the ground surface in a forest and meteorological conditions. Microclimatic data are measured using temperature sensors in the national parks Šumava and Bavarian Forest. We build on studies investigating the influence of vege- tation on temperatures in forest stands to complete the picture of how forest microclimate functions. This knowledge is crucial for understanding the im- pact of climate change and for further research using advanced modelling and generalisation to other habitats. For selected meteorological conditions measured at the stations, a statistically significant relationship was found for the temperature difference, which is strongest for snow depth and weakest for precipitation.
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Analysis of daily minimum and maximum air temperature at Prague-Klementinum station
Tomšů, Radek ; Kalvová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Mikšovský, Jiří (referee)
Long-term and continuous air temperature measurements at Prague-Klementinum (regular time observations are carried out since 1775, maximum and minimum air temperatures have been measured since 1881) are suitable for the analysis of possible climate changes. While researching the temperature extremes at this station, the increased occurrence of records of daily maximum air temperatures was documented in the second half of the 20th century, especially in the last 20 years, which is not connected to forcing Prague's urban heat island. There is a very rare occurrence of records of daily minimum air temperatures in the last 50 years, which is probably connected to forcing Prague's urban heat island, but also to the warming in the last decades. The change in the circulation is probably only a partial reason for high frequency of records of daily maximum air temperatures. There is warming about 1 řC by maximum air temperatures between periods 1961-83 a 1984-2006 in every season, except autumn. There is average warming about 0,5 řC by minimum air temperatures between periods 1961-83 a 1984-2006.
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Quasi-biennial oscillation of zonal winds in the tropical stratosphere
Kupčihová, Zuzana ; Pišoft, Petr (advisor) ; Mikšovský, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is about phenomenon of the quasi-biennial oscillation-the alternation of westerly and easterly zonal wind in the equatorial stratosphere with a mean period of 28 months. The structure of the thesis is following. Firstly it describes the general division of the atmosphere with the emphasis on vertical division according to the temperature, which is the most common in meteorology. Furthermore it depicts conditions in the stratosphere; temperature and mean zonal wind flow at the 100 hPa, 10 hPa level and comparision for the summer and winter months. The work introduces important stratospheric phenomena such as polar vortex, sudden stratospheric warming, Brewer-Dobson circulation. The entire third chapter is devoted to the quasi-biennial oscillation. The basic characteristic, the theory of formation and different impacts on the tropical and extratropical region are described. The whole thesis is summerized in the epilogue.
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