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Perennial plantings increased self-regulation skills
Malošíková, Ester ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on extensive perennial plantings for shade, which are situated at Dendrologic garden in Průhonice. These plantings are based on principles of autoregulation. The aim of this work is the theoretical approach to this issue and subsequently the evaluation of these plantings, based on aesthetic appeal, that consists of total effect, effect of colours and the structure of plantings.
The theoretical part focuses on general definition of perennials, their history, morphology,
classification and their usage. Perennials for shade and perennials for sun are characterized in more details in one chapter.
The practical part evaluates specific plantings for shade. The underlays for this evaluation are data collected by one vegetation term. The outcomes of this work are represented by graphs and photodocumentation.
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Evaluation of varietal characteristics of Monarda hybridy
Ježová, Barbora ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Doležalová, Jitka (referee)
This work is focused on the evaluation of the Monarda range, focusing on specific cultivars and their characters. The genus of Monarda includes about 20 species of annual and perennial herbs in the mint family (Lamiaceae). Monarda are known for their content of essential oils with a high content of geraniol and thymol, and are often used in medicine. Botanists have divided the genus Monarda, on the basis of morphological characters in two groups. Subgenus Monarda and subgenus Cheilyctis. Today's range of Monarda used in gardening represent in particular cultivars derived from the species M. didyma and M. fistulosa.
The research was conducted in the Prague Botanical Garden, where I tracked 28 taxes of Monarda. The height of the plant, flowering time, flower color, height and width of the inflorescence, coloring of the leaf rosette and susceptibility to powdery mildew was monitored. Based on these parameters, plants have been evaluated and the best rated plant species recommended for further cultivation.
In conclusion, it was found that plants of Monarda are low and high growing, the color of the flowers most commonly occurs in the pink, magenta to purple color. The most common flowering time varies from VII to VIII and their susceptibility to powdery mildew is much dependent on moisture. Yet there are some of the original species still more resilient than some of the cultivars. The most resistant cultivars including Beauty of Cobham, Cranberry Lace, Elsie´s Lavender, Petite Delight, Purple Disc or Troja Pure White.
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Androgenesis and its using for interspecific hybridisation of potato
Suková, Eva ; Sedlák, Petr (advisor) ; Matiska, Pavel (referee)
The production of homozygous lines has been an important part of breeding programs. The most effective and widely used method suitable for the production of homozygous plants is induced androgenesis via anther, pollen and isolated microspore cultures. The principle of androgenic induction consists in reprogramming microspores from gametophytic to sporophytic development. Physical or chemical factors can be used on the whole inflorescence, flower-buds or isolated anthers for reprograming. The genotype of donor plant and poolen developmental stage plays a fundamental role in determination of androgenesis in vitro. Pre-treatments such as chilling, high temperature, high humidity, centrifugation, water stress, oxidative stress, osmotic pressure change in the level of endogenous growth substances, transfer anthers from anaerobic to aerobic environment, starvation, colchicine application and, heavy metals treatment are other important factors that affect the response of anthers to in vitro culture.
The aim of this work was to design and confirm the methodology used for induced androgenesis of potatoes. The achieved results of our experiment showing only trends and hypotheses. The size of the most suitable flower-buds for anther culture is 2-3 mm. It is highly likely that the sucrose concentration in MS medium had no impact on the callus induction. The genotype of tested hybrids probably plays a major role in the induced androgenesis process. The influence of the media on the formation of callus was statistically proven. Calluses were transferred to regeneration medium, but organogenesis has not yet come through.
The results show that the proposed methodology is appropriate to derive calluses at least.
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Healing of cultural varieties paniculate phlox (Phlox paniculata) from nematodes using in-vitro cultures
Nogly, David ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Augustinová, Ludmila (referee)
Phlox paniculata belongs to the family Poleminiaceae. Phlox paniculata is very important perenial which is used in commons gardens, park landscaping and also to product cut flowers. Although garden phlox are classified as resistant plants to pests and pathogens, they suffer from leaf and stem nematodes of genus Ditylenchus spp. Method eliminating these nematodes from plants for 100 % is still unknown. This thesis investigate the possibility of eliminating nematodes by using explant cultures and creating healthy plants for future mother plants of Phlox paniculata. For this experiment was chosen 10 varieties, 'Aňa Gaganova', 'Blue Paradise', 'Errötense Mädchen', 'Molodost', Igor Talkov', 'Jubilee', 'Laura', 'Mies Copijn', 'Sekret' and 'Winsdor'. These plants were also researched for regeneration of calluses and growing ratio of shoots according to their varietes.
Plants were tested for presence of nematodes Ditylenchus dipsaci by using modified Baermann Technique. All varietes of Phlox paniculata were grown in greenhouse and all of them were tested. For experiment were chosen leaf segments measuring 0,5 - 1 cm2 and the cultivation took place on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) + 30 g sucrose, pyridoxine 0,5 mg. l-1, thiamine 0,5 mg. l-1, glycine 2 mg. l-1 , nicotinic acid 0,05 mg. l-1. Leaf segments were placed to MS medium enriched by 1,5 mg . l-1 TDZ (Thidiazuron) and 0,5 mg . l-1 IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid). Callus regeneration at the level of plant growth regulators was almost fully vertified during this experiment. Best results were obtained from follow varieties 'Aňa Gaganova', 'Blue Paradise', 'Errötense Mädchen' and 'Molodost'. These results were also obtained from repeated experiment. Positive influence of controlled conditions to growing shoots and callus regeneration was also proved. Explants which were grown in controlled conditions reached higher efficiency on average 0,33 shoots per callus.
By successful recovery of the plants from pests Ditylenchus dipsaci using explantate cultures, it was verifed the initial hypothesis, where resulting explants are transferred to ex-vitro conditions were 100 % pest free. Although, callus cultures grown on MS medium of 1,5 mg . l-1 TDZ and 0,5 mg . l-1 IAA showed some degree of nematode occurrence during testing, consequent passage eliminated the remaining population of nematodes.
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The appreciation of the newest breeding group of bearded irises (Iris barbata) focusing on changing the shape of the beard
Bekeová, Johana ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Markéta, Markéta (referee)
Iris barbata are among the perennials and their bearded representatives can often be found in our gardens. Cultivars, with successive breeding beard has changed to the crest, horn, spoon, flounce or the pom pom and was replaced by different colors, it calls Space Age irises and because their appearance is not too popular in according to gardener and therefore this thesis is moving towards an evaluation of their decorative and vital potential and recommendations for public sale. Ten middle and high irises were evaluated from late April to mid June 2015, when the iris gradually bloomed in the area Chotobuz in the Botanical Garden in Pruhonice. It reviewed, according to the Classification of Iris from Ing. Milan Blažek and the results were documented by photographs taken 1x or 2x per week, depending on the speed of the newly blossomed individuals. All irises have a sunny, well drained, sandy-loam habitat on a gentle slope. Rated irises come from Czech and foreign breeders and their flower color, plant height, shape and color of bread and resistance to diseases and pests, they differing with each individual. The authenticity of the individuals are verified in accordance with original labels from the American Iris Society. Irises prevailed in violet, yellow or white with all five shapes of bread with orange color at the center. The worst hit from the selected iris cultivar is the Hyperspace because it was heavily attacked by diseases and do not fit to cut and he had created a flounce instead of a spoon. Due to the low vitality of the plant was not recommended to resell. Conversely, the best hit of decorative and vital perspective is the High Point, which rendered colorful color. In the case of the cultivar Mesmerizer had imperfect flower, which was present shape of the beard like pom pom and also a crest. For other cultivars was a change in the overall height or change the shape of the beard (Capricious Candles) or flower color. The aforementioned factors were bad probably due to insufficient energy plant or a higher temperature at the time or prolonged drought, and in some cases slight differences hereditary characters. In addition to the cultivar Hyperspace may be other individuals recommended for sale and planting in our garden or to cut.
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Assortments of perennials used on the rural gardens in Pilsen region
Daňková, Barbora ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
The thesis called Assortments of perennials used on rural gardens in the Pilsen region deals with using perennials in villages of Pilsen Region- Pilsen- North and Tachov with focusing
on rural gardens and partly on public green containing perennials in planting.
From the total number of 149 villages in observed regions about 103 villages were chosen and visited.
The thesis also focuses on characteristic of these plants. The rural gardens are analysed, too.
It deals with recommendation for using suitable perennials in given station and their next use in gardens and other places. The thesis also focuses on some parts of Pilsen Region, concretely on districts of Pilsen- North and Tachov. The observation of these districts took place from June to September in 2015. It describes these districts from the viewpoint
of climate, it means the average year temperature, rainfall and the altitude of both districts.
It concretely mentions chosen villages from the districts of North Pilsen and Tachov and defines villages in which was the green focused on timber species and grassy areas and villages where these areas were completed by floral decoration, especially by perennials.
It was found that in small villages were used 16, in middle villages 39 and in large villages
32 sorts of perennials. The largest number of sorts of perennials is used in middle villages (600-2000 inhabitants). In small villages (under the number of 600 inhabitants) perennials are planted mainly in the gardens of family houses and are missing in public places.
Among the most often planted perennials in the districts of North Pilsen and Tachov belong Aster dumosus, Bergenia crassifolia, Hemerocallis sp., Hosta sp., Iris sp., Phlox paniculata, Sedum spectabile, Sedum spurium, Yucca sp. and others.
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Monitoring of extensive perennial plantings based on Průhonice destined to shady and semi-shady conditions
Kopecká, Klára ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Ivana, Ivana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the assesment of development extensive perennial´s beds created in Dendrological garden Pruhonice in 2014. Those perennials are determined for shady and part shady conditions.
In the literary part are the theoretically described general characteristics of perennials and simultaneously natural sites of their occurrance. Attention is focused mainly on shady and part shady stations and extensive planting perennials.
The main practical part of this thesis monitors and evaluates various mixtures extensit perennials, used on 26 flower beds in the Dermatological garden in Pruhonice. Attention is focused mainly on shady and part shady stations. Obsearvation took place during the year of 2015. We were evaluating the vitality and the aestetic appleal of the flower beds. The flower beds were evaluated from April to December in 12 prescribed terms. The main parameters were total score, colour and structure of flower beds. Based on these parameters that were evaluated, the best mixture were of Český venkov I.
Part of the thesis is also comparing perennials beds from various locations; Dermatological garden in Pruhonice and perennials nursery in Hlavenec. In Hlavenec the best evaluated mixture was Schattenglanz against Český venkov I from Pruhonice.
Detailed photo documentation from observation is recorded in attachments
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Assortments of perennials used on the rural gardens in Central Bohemia region
Kašpárková, Tereza ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Veith, Tomáš (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to describe the assortment of perennial plants used in countryside gardens in the District of Benešov. It looks at perennial plants grown in 115 municipalities within the District to compare them by area and municipality size. The information research section includes a brief description of perennials, their classification (based on natural presence), reproduction, growth conditions and year-round care. Described are the most common genera. Countryside plantings and their types are also mentioned. The methodology section describes the weather conditions during the year 2015 as well as the way results were compiled and compared municipalities grouped. Plantings were documented in summer months, when the vegetation period of most perennials was culminating. The documentation process included all perennials to enable subsequent determination of all plants. The final lists were used to create tables describing occurrences, which were then compared. The results did not show any major differences in grown perennials. However, it is clear which species of plants are most favored and most used in the Dictrict of Benešov. These include the following genera: Rosa, Aquilegia, Hemerocallis, Bergenia, Iris, Paeonia, Sedum or Yucca. It was observed that the tradition of countryside perennials was staging a comeback, but there are still some shortcomings in the assortment of used perennials. This thesis data could be used for a long-term mapping of perennials grown in the different areas of the Czech Republic, thereby contributing to extension of the range of perennial plants used in countryside gardens, front gardens and public greenery.
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Assessment of developments of perennial beds in the area CULS
Lédl, Daniel ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Adam, Adam (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is build on the previous one "Assessment of developments of perennial beds in the area CULS" from 2014. It continues in assessing data collected from previous thesis with the addition of data for the year 2015. The observations concerned 10 perennial beds, which are located in the Libosad on the sunny habitat, and 8 beds shady which are based at the building of the Faculty of Economics and Management. This assessment took from April to November. Assessment is focused on the beds in the shade.
Every bed is represented by schematic drawing. For each perennial, there is process data of coverage, comparison with previous year and if it become extinct, very feeble or expansive species. In addition, on perennials in shady habitat where assessed their aesthetic functioning from April to September. Finally, it is accompanied by the photographs taken during the reporting period. The aim is to give insight on the behavior of perennials in the given circumstances, to discuss the causes of non-viable species and propose appropriate solutions.
The main lacks where observed in extensive attitude to beds in shady habitat. The most of species used there showed symptoms of lack of moisture from June to the end of observation. By reason of this limiting factor, many species die out and the surviving species didn't reach high quality at all. Beds located in sunny habitat were impressive and have the highest representation of expansive species.
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Creation tetraploid varieties of the species Phlox paniculata in-vitro
Konopíková, Alžběta ; Matiska, Pavel (advisor) ; Sedlák, Petr (referee)
Phlox paniculata belongs to the group of the most important perennials and it often appears in the range of gardens and parks. Creation of tetraploid varieties of this species is important capitally from a breeding point of view, they use them mainly because of larger proportions of tetraploid cells and because of the larger number of chromosomes and greater variability in the further multiplication. In my bachelor thesis, I examined the possibility of induction of tetraploid varieties of the species Phlox paniculata with target to determine the best combination of plant-growth regulators, supporting regeneration and chemomutagens inducing tetraploids. As a plant material were chosen leafs segments size of ca 1 cm2, their cultivation passed of on MS medium. Cultivation of experiments carried throughout in an incubator with controlled temperature and photoperiod. They were investigated the effects of auxin IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and cytokinin BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and TDZ (thidiazuron) to regeneration of leaf segments. They were also investigated the effects of chemomutagens colchicine and oryzalin to creation of tetraploids. The best results of regeneration were obtained with the combination of MS medium with TDZ 3 mg . l-1 and IAA 1 mg . l-1, in this case control variant of this medium reached 100 % regeneration of leaf segments. As less suitable chemomutagen for this thesis showed colchicine, in this case was a 100 % mortality of leaf segments cultivar 'Starfire'. On the other side as more effective herbicide showed oryzalin at concentration 14 mg . l-1 applied for 14 days, in this variant was the percentage of recovery 18,6 %. Subsequent regeneration of explants after effect of chemomutagens is time-consuming, and therefore has not been possible to verify the actual amount of potentially obtained tetraploids yet . This topic will be the subject of follow-up thesis of another student.
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