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CUG Codon in Pathogenic Yeasts of the Genus Candida
Marečková, Lucie ; Heidingsfeld, Olga (advisor) ; Půta, František (referee)
2. Abstract In many Candida species the standard leucine CUG codon is translated as a serine, although not in 100% cases. This dual specifity of the CUG codon has evolved through a mechanism that required codon ambiguity mediated by a unique tRNACAG, which is in vitro aminoacylated more often by serine than by leucine. This codon ambiguity has been tolerated for more than 170 million years. The explanation at least for now is that the CUG codon reassignment could have generated genetic diversity that facilitated occurrence of new phenotypes resistant to stress. Beside this, an important step was to reduce negative impact of the codon ambiguity by crucial mutations in the structure of the ser-tRNACAG. Candida species became a valuable experimental model for elucidation of the genetic code changes. While consequences of the CUG codon reassignment have been extensively studied in Candida albicans, this topic has not yet been addressed in Candida parapsilosis. Solving the structure of C. parapsilosis secreted proteinase Sapp1p provided a tool to carry out a "case study" of possible effects of the CUG codon ambiguity. The SAPP1 gene contains one CUG codon, and the respective serine is located on the loop in the close proximity of the active site of the proteinase.
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The secreted aspartic proteases of Candida parapsilosis.
Marečková, Lucie ; Dostál, Jiří (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
Candida parapsilosis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans causing a variety of infections. Immunocompromised individuals represent the most threatened group of patients. The increasing frequency of infections and occurrence of drug resistant strains are the main reasons for research focused on novel antimycotic compounds. Inhibition of secreted aspartic proteases (Sap) of pathogenic Candida spp. appears to be a potential target of therapeutic intervention. The genome of C. parapsilosis contains at least three genes coding for secreted aspartic proteases, denominated SAPP1-3. Protease Sapp1p has been well biochemically and structurally characterized, whereas Sapp2p and Sapp3p have been given less attention. The first part of the thesis is focused on structural analysis of Sapp1p complexes with selected peptidomimetic inhibitors binding to the active site of the enzyme. In addition, complex of the isoenzyme Sapp2p with the well-known secreted aspartate inhibitor Pepstatin A has been analyzed. The second part is related to the fact that C. parapsilosis belongs to the Candida spp. with the unique ability to translate standard leucine CUG codon mostly as serine. Even though it is a non-conservative substitution of hydrophobic amino acids for a hydrophilic one, this unique ability is maintained for more...
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Percepce a využití fotografií pro marketingové účely na sociálních sítích
Marečková, Lucie
This diploma thesis is focused on the perception and utilization of a photography connected with visual materials used for a marketing communication on social sites. Thanks to applying the researches of an eye tracking, in-depth interview and questionnaire survey were identified the factors that have an effect on a consumer and have influence on his perception and preferences. The attention was paid mainly to the effect of a coloured photography in comparison with a black and white picture, to the effect of a visualization of a bigger space on the photography in comparison with the detail view, to the effect of different number of people in the photography, and to a different depth of field in the photography. By the analysis of all these factors was achieved the main goal of this thesis that is the proposal of appropriate recommendations regarding the marketing communication on social sites when using photographs. These recommendations were suggested mainly for energy drinks sector.
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Biological aktivity of secondary plants metabolites VII. Alkaloids of Vinca minor L.
Marečková, Lucie ; Ločárek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cahlíková, Lucie (referee)
Marečková, L .: Biological activity of secondary plant metabolites VII. Alkaloids of Vinca minor L. Diploma thesis, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Department of pharmaceutical botany and ecology, Hradec Králové 2018 There was prepared an extract from aerial parts of the plant Vinca minor L. This prepared extract was separated by the column chromatography into individual fractions. One chosen fraction was separated by TLC on silicagel. Two substances were isolated and they we identified by GC/MS and NMR as (-)-minovin and (+)-minovincin. These two substances were tested for their inhibition activity against human acetylcholinesterase (hemolysate of human erythrocytes) and butyrylcholinesterase (human plasma). Their inhibition activity was compared to standards which were Galanthamin, Huperzin A and Eserin. (+)-Minovincin did not show significant inhibitory activity against either enzyme (IC50 = AchE > 1000 µM, BuChE 655,05 ± 35,37 µM) and it is not suitable for further investigation. (-)-Minovin showed no significant activity against AChE (IC50 = 234,27 ± 63,40 µM), activity against BuChE (IC50 = 26,32 ± 2,52 µM) was higher than inhibitory akctivity of Galanthamin, but still relatively low for further investigation. The aim of this work was mainly the...
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The secreted aspartic proteases of Candida parapsilosis.
Marečková, Lucie ; Dostál, Jiří (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
Candida parapsilosis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans causing a variety of infections. Immunocompromised individuals represent the most threatened group of patients. The increasing frequency of infections and occurrence of drug resistant strains are the main reasons for research focused on novel antimycotic compounds. Inhibition of secreted aspartic proteases (Sap) of pathogenic Candida spp. appears to be a potential target of therapeutic intervention. The genome of C. parapsilosis contains at least three genes coding for secreted aspartic proteases, denominated SAPP1-3. Protease Sapp1p has been well biochemically and structurally characterized, whereas Sapp2p and Sapp3p have been given less attention. The first part of the thesis is focused on structural analysis of Sapp1p complexes with selected peptidomimetic inhibitors binding to the active site of the enzyme. In addition, complex of the isoenzyme Sapp2p with the well-known secreted aspartate inhibitor Pepstatin A has been analyzed. The second part is related to the fact that C. parapsilosis belongs to the Candida spp. with the unique ability to translate standard leucine CUG codon mostly as serine. Even though it is a non-conservative substitution of hydrophobic amino acids for a hydrophilic one, this unique ability is maintained for more...
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CUG Codon in Pathogenic Yeasts of the Genus Candida
Marečková, Lucie ; Půta, František (referee) ; Heidingsfeld, Olga (advisor)
2. Abstract In many Candida species the standard leucine CUG codon is translated as a serine, although not in 100% cases. This dual specifity of the CUG codon has evolved through a mechanism that required codon ambiguity mediated by a unique tRNACAG, which is in vitro aminoacylated more often by serine than by leucine. This codon ambiguity has been tolerated for more than 170 million years. The explanation at least for now is that the CUG codon reassignment could have generated genetic diversity that facilitated occurrence of new phenotypes resistant to stress. Beside this, an important step was to reduce negative impact of the codon ambiguity by crucial mutations in the structure of the ser-tRNACAG. Candida species became a valuable experimental model for elucidation of the genetic code changes. While consequences of the CUG codon reassignment have been extensively studied in Candida albicans, this topic has not yet been addressed in Candida parapsilosis. Solving the structure of C. parapsilosis secreted proteinase Sapp1p provided a tool to carry out a "case study" of possible effects of the CUG codon ambiguity. The SAPP1 gene contains one CUG codon, and the respective serine is located on the loop in the close proximity of the active site of the proteinase.
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Marketingová komunikace města Žďár nad Sázavou se zaměřením na cestovní ruch
Marečková, Lucie
The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyze current situation of the town of Žďár nad Sázavou and its marketing communication in tourism. Based on the obtained results, the aim is to suggest some recommendations for resolving identified deficiencies. Analysis is performed through the evaluation of secondary data, results of performed mystery shopping and managed interviews. There is a draft of communication mix with a focus on tourism, with regard to information provided by town representatives.
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