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The role of incretin hormones in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Marchal, Anna ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Brabcová, Iveta (referee)
Incretins are gut hormones secreted by cells located in the small intestine in response to ingestion of nutrients. The aim of this thesis is to describe their effect on the control of glucose homeostasis. Incretin receptors are widely distributed in multiple tissues and organs suggesting their complex effects including the regulation of glucose homeostasis and food intake by various mechanisms including both peripheral and central effects. Owing to their ability to regulate insulin secretion and glucose metabolism incretins have a potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Incretin-based therapy strategies are discussed and compared in this thesis. Analogues of glucagon-like peptide-1, one of the incretin hormones, have the ability to lower body weight and therefore are considered as a possible obesity treatment both in patients with and without diabetes. The role of incretins in pathophysiology of obesity and studies carried out in order to evaluate its potential in the treatment of this disease are depicted. The thesis also involves an overview of possible role of incretins in metabolic effects of bariatric surgery. Keywords: Incretin hormones, GIP, GLP-1, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity.

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