|
|
Cognitive biases: How much are we influenced by previous rating? Effect of previous rating on the following "quality" of the movie.
Michňák, Matěj ; Cingl, Lubomír (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis examines whether our choice of movie rating is influenced by previous rating based on a simple web experiment. There are 2 groups - group of laymen from the ranks of students and group of active movie fans. Each participant was randomly distributed into one of 3 subgroups in his group. There is a control subgroup with no previous rating, a treatment subgroup with low previous rating and a treatment subgroup with high previous rating. In 3 out of 4 treatment subgroups there was found out using regression analysis significant change of average rating in comparison to control subgroups by more than 1 point on scale 1 to 10. There wasn´t found out smaller bias towards previous rating in group of movie fans, which was the reason why this group had been added. Subgroups with low previous rating influence average rating in both groups, subgroups with high previous rating only in group of active movie fans.
|
|
|
Proverbs as a source of economic wisdom
Ambrožová, Monika ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
In this bachelor thesis, I identify understanding of economic processes in folk proverbs. I judge folk proverbs from point of effectivity and their resemblance of reality. Effective rules should lead to desired purpose with low decision cost. I show that folk proverbs can be considered as representations of Hayek's spontaneous order. Prescriptive proverbs which are not contradicted by other proverbs are economically effective while descriptive proverbs criticize insufficiency of folk economics. These descriptive proverbs are consistent with observations of behavioural economy. Proverbs point out constant errors in human thinking. Folk proverbs contain a lot of economic wisdom and are thus appropriate area of interest for economists. I show that proverbial economics is rational and effective system as opposed to folk economics. With my thesis I contribute to study of proverbial economics which is almost unexplored.
|
|
|
Organ donation, transplantation medicine and efficiency. Are the expectations of donors fulfilled?
Ryšavá, Michaela ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of organ donation and its aim is to discover the determinants that positively affect the efficiency of organ allocation and subsequently to answer the question of whether larger liberalization brings better results. In the theoretical part, I deal with the question of free market and the threat of its failure due to asymmetric information, the ethical aspects of donation and the expanding black market. In the practical part, I deal with the determinants of the efficiency of organ allocation based on the comparison of four states: the Czech Republic, Spain, the UK and the USA. I come to the conclusion that the efficiency of organ allocation is positively influenced by the high donor and recipient age closeness and by the preference of the previous donors. In terms of determinants in the form of a healthcare system and the institution that deals with the organ allocation, Beveridge's model of healthcare is best with the combination of the elements applied in the Spanish model. This successful combination, however, is not a remedy for organ failure and can not be applied everywhere. Larger liberalization, as a result of better outcomes by state-run institutions for organ allocation, appears to be ineffective.
|
|
|
Beauty as competition advantage on the labour market
Urbanová, Aneta ; Kureková, Lucie (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate role of beauty on the labour market, mainly with emphasis on employment discrimination and gender differences. Existing approaches of economics of beauty and examples of experiments are introduced in the theoretical part as well as discrimination models and situation of labour market in the Czech Republic. The practical part is based on the research with online questionnaire survey. The variable of beauty consists of respondent´s self-evaluation, panel evaluation and BMI, statistically set up by summation. The verification of 7 outlined hypothesis are done through the Spearman´s rank correlation coefficient and so various aspects of beauty reward are analysed. The relation between attractiveness and wage, job finding rate, career growth rate and favouring of women with men superior was confirmed. Despite the insufficient survey sample size, which brought rather indicative results, it is possible to conclude that in the examined area with economic graduates the discrimination due to physical attractiveness is realized. Moreover, respondents stated that they consider physical appearance an important factor of success at selection procedure, so they themselves ascribe it significant value in this respect.
|
|
|
Prokletí přírodních zdrojů: případ Ruska
Belyakova, Elena ; Frömmel, Tomáš (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the problem of the natural resource curse, particularly in the Russian Federation, with respect to history, changes in oil prices and the situation in the world arena. With the hypothesis that the changes in oil prices affect the Russian GDP and the development of other non-oil based industries, two different regressions for two time periods are run. The results of the regressions and subsequent test confirm the hypothesis that Russian GDP depends on the oil prices and on changes on the world resource market. It is found, that in the Soviet period there was no dependence of Soviet economy on oil export and prices. The results are in support of the previous paper, written by Benedictow et al. (2010), that indeed Russian economy suffers from the natural resource curse.
|
|
|
Is Russia sick with Dutch Disease?
Abdullaeva, Nadiia ; Máslo, Lukáš (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
The aim of this work is to prove a hypothesis whether Russia is sick with Dutch disease or not. In the theoretical part, the author expounds the model of Dutch disease by Corden, Neary (1982) and places the phenomenon into a historical perspective. Further on, the author identifies four main symptoms of the Dutch disease, i. e. an increasing dependence of a country on the export of natural resources, appreciation of the real exchange rate, a decline of the manufacturing sector and a growth of the service sector and, finally, an overall wage growth. In the empirical part, the author tests the presence of the particular symptoms of the Dutch disease in the Russian economy on the data set for the years 1998-2015, drawing upon the research of Oomes, Kalcheva (2007) and extending it by adding the symptom of increasing dependence of a country on the export of natural resources (the 1st symptom) and by prolonging the time series until 2015. The author presents her own multiple regression model with the dependent variable of real effective exchange rate and independent variables interest rate, oil prices and government expenditures, proving a positive correlation of 83% between the real effective exchange rate and oil price. Next, the author proves that the service sector and the natural resource sector increased their respective shares of the GDP in the economy by 6 and 5 percentage points between 2000-2015, while the manufacturing sector decreased almost by the 9 percentage points. By this, the author supports the assumption about the ongoing indirect deindustrialization process and, in effect, supports her assumption about the presence of the third symptom.
|
|
|
An Analysis of Contribution of the USA to the Economic Collapse of the Soviet Union
Vaneeva, Viktoria ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
In the given thesis some of the internal factors and especially external factors of the economic collapse of the Soviet Union are analysed. The external factors are represented as part of the anti-communist strategy of the United States in the 1980s. The strategy consisted of concrete economic sanctions and policies imposed by President Reagan and his administration in order to deteriorate the condition of the Soviet economy during the 1980s. Each of the steps against communist regime undertaken by the US is described and its impact on the Soviet economy is analysed. For example: the economic sanctions on the USSR after its invasion of Afghanistan in 1979; the increased military expenditures in the US in order to exhaust the Soviet economy in the arms race; the announced Strategic Defense Initiative; the secret negotiations between Reagan and the King of Saudi Arabia on reduction of oil prices in 1985; the US embargo on technology exports to the Soviet Union. The results of the research prove that strategy of President Reagan for economic destruction of communism contributed to the Soviet collapse in 1991.
|
|
|
Information and communication technology. The case of Italy
Ben Thabetova, Elisabeth ; Frömmel, Tomáš (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
The aim of this research is to point out the main features of Information and Communication Technology, its spread in Italy at the beginning of the current century and the effect and performance ICT investments have within the economy. The theoretical part focuses on the reasons behind the importance of ICT studies and the roots of field researches. The practical part underlines Italys late in comparison to rest of the European countries and formulates a hypothesis based on the researches made in 2002 by Bresnahan, Brynjolfsson and Hitt around organizational changes within firms. The results of the research suggest that there is a significant interaction between investments in ICT and organizational changes and that these variables are complementary. Output is positively affected by implementation of ICT together with organizational changes; however, when occurring alone, ICT investments and organizational changes have low and negative impact on output. This result is significant to solve the problems of the low performance of ICT in the country, as it suggests firms would profit the most from a modern technological reorganization of management structures and business processes and, therefore, implementation in such direction should be made.
|
|
|
The rising sharing economy and its impact on tourism demand in Prague
Nguyen, Duy Quang ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the impact of the sharing economy (Airbnb) and other selected determinants on tourism demand in Prague. Based on monthly panel data from the period January 2014 to March 2015 the econometric model was estimated. Determinants used in the model for analysis are Airbnb listings of short-term rentals, GDP per capita, relative price, weather temperature, rainfall, marketing and dummy variables summer, autumn and winter. Results from estimations show that Airbnb, the indicator of sharing economy, GDP per capita, which represents the income, relative price and Prague.eu, that represents the marketing component have significantly positive effect on tourism demand.
|
|
|
Radical view of subjectivism according to L. M. Lachmann and its implications for consumer theory
Panáčková, Eliška ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
This Bachelor Degree Thesis is concerned with methodological approach of the radical subjectivist economist Ludwig M. Lachmann and application of his approach on consumer theory. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether is methodological approach of Lachmann compatible with the approach used in mainstream consumer theory, eventually how these approaches are different. The first part deals with the context of radical subjectivism, its pivotal points and the general differences in methodology of Lachmann and mainstream. Then I devote the work of Alfred Schutz, George L. S. Shackle and Max Weber, on the basis of which Lachmann reached the radical approach. In the practical part I apply radical subjectivism on the consumer theory and according to these result I evaluate these approaches are not compatible. Arguments of radical approach is not supported by strong evidence, and this approach is incapable of giving prediction more quality alternative of consumer theory.
|
guest ::
