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The use of fungi and their products in organic farming
Krupičková, Karolína ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor) ; Král, Martin (referee)
Current excessive use of chemicals in plant protection raises problems. Two of these problems are increased resistance of pest populations and penetration of residues of these substances in the food chain. In recent years, there is an effort to reduce the use of chemicals and replace them with biological products that are friendly to the environment.
This thesis deals with the possibility of using of fungi and preparations containing them to protect plants, instead of using chemicals. This bachelor thesis summarizes literature and studies dealing with this problem. Firstly, it deals with mycoparasitic and entomophatogenic fungi. It mentions their representatives, which are important for biological plant protection. For mycoparzitic fungi are representatives Trichoderma harzianum, Clonostachysrosea and Pythium oligandrum. There are mentioned their life cycles and bio-preparations made from them, which are used for plants protection. From entomopathogenic fungi thesis deals mainly about genera Beauveria, Hirsutella, Lecanicillium, Metarhizium, Nomuraea, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium and Aschersonia. Beauveria, Hirsutella, Lecanicillium, Metarhizium, Nomuraea, Paecilomyces, Tolypocladium and Aschersonia. For all representatives are listed bio-preparations and their use for protecting crops against pathogens. In the bachelor thesis are mentioned products based on fungi for protecting potatoes. Most of these products are not registered in the Czech Republic, except Polyversum which contains spores of Pythium oligandrum and is used to protect the potatoes against potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans).
The majority of biological products is highly effective against crops diseases, but some biological products are effective only in laboratory conditions at optimum conditions for the given species (eg. Tolypocladium cylindrosporum).
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Analysis of financing the Czech healthcare system in 2015 and the impact of the abolition regulatory charges on its sustainability
Krupičková, Karolína ; Loužek, Marek (advisor) ; Bartůsková, Lucia (referee)
The final thesis analyzes funding of Czech healthcare system in 2015 and shows its sustainability in future years in order to answer the question, what is the impact of the abolition of regulatory fees, which were introduced in 2008, subsequently in 2014 and cancelled in 2015. Many demographic changes, specifically age structure of the nation, occurred over recent decades in the Czech Republic. This fact caused disproportionate changes on the expenditure side and the revenue side of the health system. The state tried to balance this disparity with short-introduced charges, but those were abolished due to the political pressure. The final thesis assesses the appropriateness of this measure. The theoretical part explains the healthcare system in the Czech Republic and all its entities, explains different approaches to the concept of health and issues of regulatory charges. The practical part is devoted to analysis of statistical data. There is the state of health care through the last of the statistics and demographic prognosis described. Following part talks about the issues of charges in a broader context of health care. There are also global trends and the biggest problems that the Czech Republic faces in that direction defined. The conclusion evaluates the role and effectiveness of regulatory charges and the impact of their abolition, offers possible solutions or recommendations, which are formulated on the basis of evaluated data. The final thesis concludes that regulatory charges are suitable complement to the overall reform, but this arrangement is not capable of comprehensively addressing current and possible future problems by itself.
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