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The calculations of equilibrium states in high-alloy chromium steels
Foret, R. ; Unucka, P. ; Buchal, A. ; Kroupa, Aleš
The paper presents the results of calculation of equilibrium states in high-alloy chromium steels obtained by Thermo-Calc program and the continuously extended Steel 16. database. The calculation were made for 9 to 12% chromium steels with graded contents of molybdenum and vanadium. The calculcations have been supplemented with analyses of the minority phases encountered. The analyses were performed using the method of TEM,EDS extraction replicas and X-ray phase analysis.
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The experimental and theoretical study of the Ti-V-C-N system
Kroupa, Aleš
Titanium and vanadium carbides and carbonitrides form hard and resistant materials, which are widely used in the industry for tools and wear-resistant applications, in HSLA steels as dispersion phase, and even as fuel cladding in the nuclear power plants. Despite of their importance, only few experiments, dealing with the phase diagrams of Ti-V-C, Ti-V-N and Ti-V-C-N systems were made, most of them in the second half of the 60Žs.
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Creep Resistance and Microstructural Stability of TAF 650 Steel
Svoboda, Milan ; Fejfarová, Ivana ; Kroupa, Aleš ; Sklenička, Václav ; Mayer, K. H.
The quantification of the particles of M23C6 and Laves phase in TAF 650 steel by means of image analysis and thermodynamic calculation of the amount of equilibrium phases were performed. It is shown that the growth rate of Laves phase is substantially higher than that of M23C6 carbide. The total area occupied by Laves phase precipitates represents 52.1 % of all particles area after creep (5888h, 100 MPa, 650 °C). The equilibrium amount of secondary phases calculated by THERMO-Calc is in good agreement with experimental results.
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