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Argumentation in interaction: The sequential structure of accounts in television debates
Kopecký, Jakub ; Kaderka, Petr (advisor) ; Kraus J., (referee) ; Orgoňová, Olga (referee)
Argumentation in interaction: The sequential structure of accounts in television debates Abstract This dissertation concentrates on the sequential structure of argumentation in spoken interaction. The point of departure is the concept of argumentation as linguistic action based on accounting for a controversial position with the purpose of convincing listeners of its acceptability or in order to defend it when it is challenged. The dissertation's specific aim is to describe the interactional context of argumentation using material from TV debates. The study utilizes ethnomethodological conversation analysis combined with elements of argumentation theory. The objects of empirical analysis are the types of linguistic action in argumentation interaction (e.g. the call for argumentation or the challenge to a position or argument) and the means of signaling argumentation. The research focuses on the analysis of the sequential organization of the TV debate, including the system of turn-taking, and on describing the sequential contexts of the argumentation in this genre. Attention is devoted to so-called argumentative sequences, i.e. series of mutual argumentative responses (problematizations) by the debate participants. Also examined are other types of linguistic action which initiate argumentation by...
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Culture and spectator violence
Kasal, Josef ; Mucha, Ivan (advisor) ; Kučírek, Jiří (referee) ; Kraus J., (referee)
Spectator violence comprises the complex system of behavior patterns and patterns of conduct. The participation in a football game originates from the longterm developed human attitude towards formation of one's living space and ideas of life. Generally, sports and sports events are the specific form of culture. In order to understand the motivation of the people involved in sports events, to understand one's relationship toward sports games, it is necessary to discern between the cultural and the social in the interpretation of spectators' main behavioral tendencies. Since the first time when the term culture was used, its definition has been developing quite problematically, during the past decades especially. This study is based on Geertz's hypothesis that the human conduct can only be interpreted. Also, its focus lays on understanding the symbolism of rowdies and hooligans' conduct, as far as the specific environment of the marginal culture is concerned. Professional literature defines the spectator violence as the violence which is planned, of repeated or manifested character, and is exercised by a relatively enclosed group of people whose unifying attribute is the sense of togetherness in relation to a certain sports club or a national team. Apart from the violence itself, the term comprises...
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Interaction of sperm surface proteins in the reproduction process
Jonáková, Věra ; Kraus, Marek ; Maňásková, Pavla ; Liberda, J. ; Tichá, M.
Mammalian fertilization includes highly regulated biochemical interactions between complementary molecules located on the surfaces of both gametes as well as those present in the natural environment of the gametes. Boar seminal plasma proteins AQN, AWN spermadhesins and DQH protein that are bound to the sperm at ejaculation play important role in the reproduction process. Binding of sperm to epithelial cells, recognition of gametes and binding of sperm to glycoprotein of zona pellucida are mediated by protein-saccharide interaction, lektin-type interaction. Another type of interaction (protein-protein) participates in the formation of aggregated forms, which seem to be the natural functional forms of seminal plasma proteins. Protein aggregates form the sperm coating layers and their re-modeling in the female reproductive tract is imporatnt for the sperm capacitation and for the primary binding of spermto the ovum.
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