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Antibiotics and bacterial resistance - possibilities of prevention
Beranová, Erika ; Prusík, Filip (advisor) ; Janovská, Daniela (referee)
The aim of this work was to highlight the functioning of the Antibiotic Policy in the Czech Republic but there is also shortly discussed the European and the international activities on which is our program based. There is described the National Antibiotic Program aimed at assuring long-term availability, forceful, safe and cost effective of the antibiotic treatment of infectious diseases. There are also various groups of people in Antibiotic Policies such as the Central Coordination Group of the National Antibiotic Programme, Subcommittee for the Antibiotic Policy and others whose function is also described here. There are stated the priorities of the NAP and the main areas with which the NAP Action Plan 2011 - 2013 is deal with. The work includes the part of definition of the antibiotics, the description of its history, the distribution and the mechanism of its effect. There is also explained the difference between therapeutic and prophylactic administration of antibiotics and the main principles of their use. The next part describes the problem of bacterial resistance. It deals with the source, the essence of antibiotics, the mechanisms of resistance and the other aspects that are needed to know to be a system of Antibiotic Policy well understood.
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Tick-borne infections - epidemiological aspects
Komárová, Tamara ; Janovská, Daniela (advisor)
This bachelory work is devoted to the issue of infections transmitted by ticks. It gives a comprehensive overview of the entire spectrum of infections, that are currently known as transmitted by cattle ticks Ixodes ricinus. Work is focused on analysis of the two most common diseases in natural epizootic area in the Czech Republic - Lyme borreliosis and central tick-borne encephalitis. According to epidemiological characteristics the incidence of Lyme borreliosis in the Moravskoslezsky Region in the years 2006 and 2007 was analysed.
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Epidemiologic aspects Methicilin-resistent strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection
Kultanová, Mária ; Janovská, Daniela (advisor)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a feared pathogen,that causes many therapeutic problems in the hospitals worldwide. The danger of this bacteria lies espacially in its resistance to antibiotics. The loss of sensitivity to antibiotics is determined by the insertion of a special gene into a chromosome of the initially sensitive strain. Sensitivity or resistance of the strain does not affect the ivasivity of the strain. The spectrum of diseases caused by this agent is broad and includes infections of the skin and subcutis, bones, mammary glands, middle ear, paranasal sinuses, meningitis or sepsis. Especially the last two mentioned, are particularly serious ad cause many therapeutic problems and that is why the most efficient and appropriate solution is the prevention of MRSA infections. The most important principles of prevention include correct hand washing of the patients and the medical staff, strict hygiene measures in hospital departments and the isolation of MRSA positive patients. This work mainly discusses the epidemiological aspects of MRSA infections in the Czech and Slovak Republics and compares the distribution of this dangerous pathogen in these Central European countries with the distribution in whole Europe and in the world. The highest-risk factors of acquiring and disseminating...
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Prognostic indicators of risk of death and the consequences of purulent meningitis
Džupová, Olga ; Janovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Křížová, Pavla (referee) ; Marešová, Vilma (referee) ; Dostál, Václav (referee)
Purulent meningitis is a life-threatening acute infectious disease of the central nervous system. In preantibiotics period was almost one hundred percent fatality rate of disease, with the discovery of antibiotics and their introduction into medical practice in 30th-50th of the last century has decreased dramatically. In recent decades, despite the use of highly effective antibiotics and intensive care procedures, there was no significant reduction in mortality rate and consequences of the disease. Lethal course of the disease affects 15-30% of patients in adulthood. Although not a common infection diagnosis among the top ten infectious causes of death worldwide. The study was based on evaluation of their own group of patients to determine prognostic factors observed history, course of illness and laboratory characteristics of the clinical outcome of disease in adults.
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