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Development of soil nematode communities during primary and secondary succession
Benetková, Petra ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Markéta (referee) ; Renčo, Marek (referee)
Biodiversity loss is one of the biggest threats of our era. Habitats with all the unique species linked with them disappear due to the landscape changes and various mankind activities, namely obtaining of resources. Open-cast mining and intensive agriculture are an example of human activities that vastly degrades soil and diversity of its fauna. Therefore, ecosystem restoration is a way how to mitigate those losses and conserve or even bring back unique habitats. Despite the fact that most of restoration projects aim at plant communities, interest of soil fauna communities restoration increased amongst scientists lately. Nematodes serve as a very useful tool for a soil food web quality assessment. Their characteristics, such as various body length or different feeding habits makes them fit into almost all important ecological niches within the soil fauna group. This together with the fact that they are amongst first to colonize new habitats allows us to track changes in soil food web during primary or secondary succession. Moreover, using similar methodology and specific nematode indices developed over years enable comparison between different habitats and stages of succession. Restoration of soils and soil processes represent serious challenge in many restoration projects. Various restoration...
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Spontaneous establishment of woody vegetation in post mining heaps near Sokolov
Reitschmiedová, Erika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Markéta (referee)
Surface coal mining heavily disrupts vast areas of landscape. Previous studies conducted in these areas reveal that succession processes on unreclaimed sites support close to nature community. It's crucial to understand and be able to predict these processes in order to include spontaneous succession into restoration plans. The aim of my thesis is to clarify establishment and dispersion mechanisms of dominant pioneer woody species willow (Salix caprea), birch (Betula pendula) and aspen (Populus tremula). Study carried out on unreclaimed sites on a large colliery spoil heap near the town of Sokolov. I have studied establishment and growth of pioneer woody species on both graded and ungraded sites, representation of individual woody pioneer species was on sites in different distance from the edge of the spoil heap, birch's population age structure and reproduction potential of willow in accordance to age. All pioneer woody species establish and grow better on ungraded sites. The amount of willow decreases while the number of aspen individuals remains the same and the amount of birch increases with growing distance from the edge of the spoil heap. Birch's population age reveals establishment of new individuals in favourable climatic conditions. Willow is reproductively capable at the age of 10 years...
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Combustion by-products of the power station of Prunéřov and options of their utilization for nature-conservation purposes
Volfová, Michaela ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The experiment took place in the ash deposit of power plant in the north-west Bohemia, where wasps and bees were investigated. Data were collected on localities of different management and age in May to August, 2015 by pan color traps, when 106 traps were collected (70 traps on succession areas and 36 traps on reclaimed areas). In total, 603 individuals (88 species) were determined. Thirty two species stated in the Red list, 14 species are vulnerable, six species are endangered and 2 species are critical endangered. Succession areas were strictly preferred by 39 species (90 individuals) and reclaimed areas by 12 species (18 individuals).
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Cultural landscape development in the selected study areas of the Šumava
Drahorádová, Štěpánka ; Kottová, Blanka (advisor) ; Hendrychová, Markéta (referee)
This thesis follows the development of the area of cultural landscape in the Šumava National Park. It follows the detailed development of particular land use categories in selected areas.
Specifically speaking about the cadastral area of Horská Kvilda, as one separate area, and the second one consists of cadastral areas of former villages Bučina and Knížecí Pláně.
The entire development land use changes in the study areas is divided into three time periods according to availability of data. First period contains the compulsory imperial maps of stabile cadastre, which were performed in 1826 and 1837. Following period is based on the aerial pictures dated 1947 till 1962. The timeline is closed by the current orthophotomap from year 2014.
The text part of this thesis deals firstly with the general issue of landscaping and subsequently describes particular development of cultural landscape in Šumava.
In the graphical part it can found all available map sources vectorised, divided into separate land use categories of the chosen localities. In the whole National Park area, vectorised zones are divided into forest and non-forest parts.
The results show differences in range of particular land use areas and enable us to observe the development of Šumava landscape throughout the time. These resutls pointing out present time trend of development of study areas as well as the need of specific management practices to keep their ecological values.
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Hydrological and soil erosion control importance of non-productive habitats in coal post-mining landscape restoration
Korol, Daniel ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
The present thesis deals with the issue of a literature review of surface mining in Most and its surroundings. It focuses on changes in the area due to surface mining, and describes their remedy in several ways. Emphasis is on water treatment and other affected constituents in nature. It also deals with describing a detailed definition of the area and non-productive habitat. The following section contains a methodology for field measurement - infiltration attempt made by a single-cylinder, during which found the average hydraulic conductivity of forests, meadows, successions and ruderals. The experiment was conducted at the lignite quarry dumps Czechoslovak army, Ležáky and Vršany.
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More effective approaches of brown coal post-mining restoration
Christov, Ivan ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Walmsley, Alena (referee)
The thesis is focused on evaluation of landscape restoration procedures. The land was heavily devastated by large-scale quarrying. Here are compared reclamation procedures used in the Czech Republic and abroad. Study area is the North Bohemian brown coal basin, which formed areas valuable for many endangered species of flora and fauna after the mining has ended. Surface coal mining method causes the extinction of villages, roads, railways, land and greenery. Our task now is to minimalize these effects as much as possible. To create a new landscape, with an emphasis on the environment. Reclamation helps us to do that.
Monitored location is Střimická dump, where the representation of non-productive habitat was evaluated and there was proposed new, more efficient version of reclamation. Mapping has found that the current state of the dump is 5,2 % representation of non-productive habitat. The proposed variant represents the addition of new elements and thus increase the proportion to 23,5 %, which corresponds with the current trend of post-mining landscape recovery.
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Historical and future development of water features on sites affeted by mining in North-West Bohemia braun coal basin.
Vodrážka, Václav ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The work is focused on the development of water bodies in the area disturbed by lignite mining in the North Bohemian brown coal basin and Sokolov. In the last century there was destruction of the landscape and thus the disturbance of the water régime due to lignite mining. The transition from underground mining to surface mining of lignite caused the extinction of villages, roads, railways, land and greenery. Water surfaces are dried and water streams converted into new artificial troughs. Currently people try to cover up the consequences of interference with the natural landscape by restoration, creation and environmental protection. This effort is realized through land reclamation. Addressed are primarily water reclamation, evaluation of water components changes in different time periods in the and significance of these changes for the landscape, which we are going to leave to future generations.
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Effect of succession and reclamation on wasps and bees (Hymenoptera: Aculea) on combustion by-products deposits
Eštok, Pavel ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Růžička, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis summarises the available information about the importance and significance of post-industrial areas from the environmental point of view and information about natural conditions of the Central Bohemian Uplands (České středohoří) in the region of the town Louny. The thesis concerns especially the characteristic areas of the combustion by-products deposit of Třískolupy I and Třískolupy II which are connected with the Počerady brown coal power plant.
The practical aim of the thesis is to evaluate the effect of the different ash-material management on the presence of the aculea Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera: Aculeata), regarding especially its diversity and the presence of the rare species.
In the thesis, reclaimed areas have been compared with the areas in which spontaneous succession is proceeding. For the data collection, hymenoptera have been trapped in coloured plates filled with the salty solution of water and detergent, so-called Moerickeho pan traps.
From particular sampling sites 638 hymenoptera individuals have been collected through the monitored period of time and classified into 98 species and 13 families. Based on the collected samples it was possible to compare the differences between the succession and the reclamation sites. On the areas developing spontaneously more species and individuals were observed. In total, 26 rare species from Red List were recorded.
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Mapping of non-productive habitats in reclaimed post-mining landscape in Most and Chabařovice area
Ledvina, Vilém ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Martin, Martin (referee)
The objective of thesis is to identify and map a non-productive habitats on areas after coal mining. The first part describes the reasons and ways of reclamation in areas after surface mining. Current knowledge and requirements for landscape protection during reclamation are presented in a literature review, and it shows the importance of these habitats. The monitored location are mines, dumps and areas affected by mining in the area of the Most and Chabařovice in the Ústecký Region in Czech Republic. Mapping has been done using the orthophoto map and field survey. Based on information from mapping the current status and composition of non-productive habitats on the monitored locations have been evaluated. The results are presented in the summary tables for each type of reclamation in monitored location.
Following percentage representation of non-productive habitats in four locations has been found: location A (2.39%); location B (12.64%); location C (6.27%); location D (4.78%). The results show that the representation of these habitats is on low level compare to recommended representation resulting from current knowledge about nature conservation.
Based on the results of the mapping measures have been proposed for optimal percentage representation of these habitats. The main measures include the building of landscape vegetation on large fields and increasing area of forest arising spontaneously in forestry reclamations. It is also appropriate to create non-productive forest habitats in large forest areas with absence of treeless or small forest meadow. The map outputs and thesis findings can serve as data for the protection of nature and landscape in the monitored location. Work can also serve as information source about the issue of reclamation and priorities to protect the environment during their realization.
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Primary and secondary plant succession in brown coal region of Most
Jarkovská, Zlata ; Hendrychová, Markéta (advisor) ; Kadlec, Tomáš (referee)
By extraction of mineral resources there are created new spaces, concretely spoil heaps, which are ideal for settlement by new organisms. Based on chosen study areas trajectories of primary and secondary succession have been compared on model group of plants and additionally on aculeata hymenoptera. Research of model groups in primary succession has been conducted on spoil heaps made of substrate from lignite overburden and study of secondary succession has been conducted in foreland and around mines on spontaneously overgrown areas. Difference in number of plant species on individual sampling plots of primary and secondary succession was not significant. Each area in primary succession was not statistically significantlly different in coverage of vegetation from those areas developing under the secondary succestion. Areas of primary and secondary succesion were different in coverage of bare substrate, which more plant species were bound on. Other factors had not statistically significant effect on plant communities and aculeata hymenoptera as well.
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