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Comparison of the effectivity of shovel cultivator and disc plough and their impact on the epigeic fauna
HAVLOVÁ, Iva
The diploma thesis is aimed at a comparison of tine and disc cultivators by several parameters which are most affecting the quality of a soil cultivation, and in the effect of the epigeic fauna, represented by ground beetles (Carabidae). Experiment was carried out twice during the season (after a harvest of wheat and rape) while soil was being cultivated with disc cultivator Lemken Rubin or tine cultivator Horsch Tiger. The experiment was carried out on the fields of ZD "Vysočina" Zbýšov and measured parameters were: plant residue decomposition, cultivation depth, diameter of aggregates, weed infestation and crop plant emergence, and abundance of ground beetles. Using the statistic tests, it was found, that almost every parameter describing the quality of the cultivation was influenced by the type of the cultivator. Tine cultivator had a higher decomposition of plant residues. This difference was more obvious when cultivating the field after rape harvest (P < 0.001) than field after wheat harvest (P < 0.01). Tine cultivator was more precise with keeping the cultivation depth as planned. Disc cultivator had a higher crumbling capacity. At the higher speed the machines were more inclining to come out of the ground at higher speeds (P < 0.05). A cultivation had a very negative influence on Carabidae population. On a rape stubble there was a 193 specimens caught in traps before the cultivation with two dominant species - Pseudoophonus rufipes and Pterostichus melanarius. Only 41 specimens was found in the traps after the cultivation.
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Comparison of technical and economical parameters of transport machines of agriculture materials on a farm.
HAVLOVÁ, Iva
The thesis is dealing with a comparison of technical and economical parameters of transport machines, which are used for transport of agriculture materials on a farm. Parameters that are compared are level of equipment and utilization of machines on a farm and in a contracting companies. Other compared parameters of transport machines are size, universality, weight, maximum speed and slope accessability. Parameters of tractor engine and gearbox, size, weight and accessories are also discribed. Analysis of transport cycle is made and it is aiming at transport itself ? amount of transported material, number of rides and total distance travelled. All in single days when the transport machine was used during the whole year 2012. Closer attention is paid to universal trailers with interchangable bodies and with application adapters. Economical factors, especially purchase costs and operation costs, are brought up based on the machine utilization.
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